PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of Western Europe	Cambrian of Siberia			Permian Subages of Germany	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Permian of the Salt Range	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	European Faunal Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Villanyian	2.58
				Piacenzian										Ruscinian	3.1 *
				Zanclean										Ruscinian	3.6
			Miocene	Messinian										Turolian	5.333
				Tortonian										Turolian	7.246
				Tortonian										Vallesian	8.7
				Serravallian										Astaracian	11.63
				Langhian										Astaracian	13.82
				Burdigalian										Orleanian	15.98
				Burdigalian										Agenian	20
				Aquitanian										Agenian	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
				Bartonian											37.71
				Lutetian											41.2
				Ypresian											47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian											56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Pliensbachian											184.2
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
				Induan											251.2
				Induan								Kathwai			251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Buntsandstein			Kathwai			251.902
															252.4 *
												Chhidru			252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian	Zechstein							Chhidru			254.14
												Kalabagh			255 *
												Wargal			256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Rotliegendes				Ohre/Aller						259.51
				Wordian					Leine						264.28
															265.3 *
												Amb			266.1 *
				Roadian								Amb			266.9
				Roadian											270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
Artinskian				Autunian	283.5
Sakmarian					290.1
Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Mapingian †	298.9
			Kasimovian		Mapingian †	303.7
			Kasimovian			305.9
			Moscovian			307
			Bashkirian			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
			Visean			330.9
			Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
			Katian			445.2
			Sandbian			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian			470
			Tremadocian			477.7
			Tremadocian			Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10			Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian		485.4
			Jiangshanian			Batyrbaian				489.5
						Aksaian				490.7 *
						Sakian				492.2 *
			Paibian							494
			Paibian					Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Ayusokkanian				497
			Guzhangian			Mayan/Menevian				499.5
			Drumian			Mayan/Menevian				500.5
			Wuliuan			Amgan/Solvan				504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4			Amgan/Solvan				509
						Toyonian	Lenian †			510 *
						Botomian				512.5 *
			Stage 3			Botomian				514
			Stage 3			Atdabanian				515.6 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Tommotian				521
			Stage 2			Nemakit-Daldynian				525.5
	Fortunian		Manykaian †			Nemakit-Daldynian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †		Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †		Wonokan †	571.7 *
															635