PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of Western Europe	Cambrian of China		Devonian Subages	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cambrian of North America
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian					Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian					Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			33.9
		Bartonian					Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan			37.71
		Lutetian								41.2
		Ypresian						Bumbanian		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Gashatan			56
		Selandian								59.2
		Danian								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								66
		Campanian								72.1
		Santonian								83.6
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
		Cenomanian								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								100.5
		Aptian								113
		Barremian								121.4
		Hauterivian								125.77
		Valanginian								132.6
		Berriasian								139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								145
		Kimmeridgian								149.2
		Oxfordian								154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
		Bathonian								165.3
		Bajocian								168.2
		Aalenian								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian								174.7
		Pliensbachian								184.2
		Sinemurian								192.9
		Hettangian								199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								201.4
		Norian								208.5
		Carnian								227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian								237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian								242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian								247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan								251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Zechstein							254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Rotliegendes							259.51
		Wordian								264.28
		Roadian								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								273.01
		Artinskian	Autunian							283.5
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian								293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
		Kasimovian								303.7
		Moscovian								307
		Bashkirian								315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								323.2
		Visean								330.9
		Tournaisian								346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Late Famennian				358.9
						Middle Famennian				365.3 *
						Early Famennian				368.5 *
		Frasnian				Late Frasnian				372.2
						Middle Frasnian				375.4 *
						Early Frasnian				379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Late Givetian				382.7
						Middle Givetian				383.7 *
						Early Givetian				385.9 *
		Eifelian		Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian		Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian		Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian	410.8
				Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10			Niuchehean			Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian			Jiangshanian			Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian			Jiangshanian			Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian			Paibian				494
		Paibian			Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian			494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian			Drumian	Wangcunian †	Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan			Wuliuan/Taijangian		Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan			Wuliuan/Taijangian		Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Duyunian		Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4			Duyunian		Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3			Nangaoian		Dyeran		514
							Montezuman		514.8 *
							Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Meishucunian				521
		Fortunian			Meishucunian				529
		Fortunian			Jinnigian				530.7
										538.8