PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of Western Europe	Ordovician of North America						Cambrian of Australia	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of Britain		Devonian of Eastern North America		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian									Middle Pleistocene									0.129
		Calabrian									Early Pleistocene									0.774
		Gelasian									Early Pleistocene									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Late Pliocene									2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean									Early Pliocene									3.6
	Miocene	Messinian									Late Miocene									5.333
		Tortonian									Late Miocene									7.246
		Serravallian									Middle Miocene									11.63
		Langhian									Middle Miocene									13.82
		Burdigalian									Early Miocene									15.98
		Aquitanian									Early Miocene									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Late Oligocene									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian									Early Oligocene									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									Late Eocene									33.9
		Bartonian									Middle Eocene									37.71
		Lutetian									Middle Eocene									41.2
		Ypresian									Early Eocene									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian									Late Paleocene									56
		Selandian									Middle Paleocene									59.2
		Danian									Early Paleocene									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																		66
		Campanian																		72.1
		Santonian																		83.6
		Coniacian																		86.3
		Turonian																		89.8
		Cenomanian																		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																		100.5
		Aptian																		113
		Barremian																		121.4
		Hauterivian																		125.77
		Valanginian																		132.6
		Berriasian																		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																		145
		Kimmeridgian																		149.2
		Oxfordian																		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
		Bathonian																		165.3
		Bajocian																		168.2
		Aalenian																		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																		174.7
		Pliensbachian																		184.2
		Sinemurian																		192.9
		Hettangian																		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																		201.4
		Norian																		208.5
		Carnian																		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																Vokhmian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																Vokhmian		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Zechstein															Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Rotliegendes															Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		259.51
		Wordian																Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		264.28
		Roadian																Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																		273.01
		Artinskian	Autunian																	283.5
		Sakmarian																		290.1
		Asselian																		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																	Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian																	Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian																		305.9
		Moscovian																		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian					Gamachian	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
							Richmondian	Kralodvorian		446 *
							Richmondian	Berounian		449.7 *
							Maysvillian			Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
							Edenian				450.4 *
						Mohawkian	Chatfieldian				451.1 *
		Sandbian					Chatfieldian				453
							Turinian				453.7 *
							Turinian				Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
						Whiterockian				Canadian †	Zahorany †/Vinice		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
									Liben †					458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian												458.4
								Dobrotivian						458.5 *
								Oretanian						459.7 *
									Sarka †					461.7 *
		Dapingian							Klabava †					467.3
								Arenigian						468
							Rangerian							469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Ibexian	Blackhillsian						Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian					Tulean								473.9 *
		Tremadocian					Tulean	Tremadocian							477.7
							Stairsian								480.3 *
							Skullrockian							Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10												Datsonian	Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
														Payntonian			486.8 *
																	487.5
																Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian												Iverian		Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian												Iverian		Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian												Idamean		Maentwrogian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian												Mindyallan	St Davids		497
		Guzhangian												Boomerangian			499
		Drumian												Undillan			500.5
		Drumian												Floran			503
		Wuliuan												Templetonian			504.5
		Wuliuan												Ordian			507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4												Ordian	Caerfai		509
		Stage 4															510.8 *
		Stage 3															514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2															521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
																				538.8