PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of Western Europe	Ordovician of China				Permian of North America		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Permian of the Pamirs	Permian of the Salt Range	Cretaceous Subepochs	Ordovician of Britain
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												Senonian				66
				Campanian																72.1
				Santonian																83.6
				Coniacian																86.3
				Turonian																89.8
				Cenomanian																93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												Gallic				100.5
				Aptian																113
				Barremian																121.4
				Hauterivian												Neocomian				125.77
				Valanginian																132.6
				Berriasian																139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
				Kimmeridgian																149.2
				Oxfordian																154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
				Bathonian																165.3
				Bajocian																168.2
				Aalenian																170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
				Pliensbachian																184.2
				Sinemurian																192.9
				Hettangian																199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
				Norian																208.5
				Carnian																227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian																247.2
				Induan																251.2
				Induan											Kathwai					251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										Dorashamian	Kathwai					251.902
																				252.4 *
															Chhidru					252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian	Zechstein									Dzhulfian	Chhidru					254.14
															Kalabagh					255 *
															Wargal					256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Rotliegendes					Capitanian				Midian						259.51
				Wordian						Wordian										264.28
																				265.3 *
															Amb					266.1 *
														Murgabian						266.2 *
				Roadian						Roadian										266.9
				Roadian						Roadian										270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian						Leonardian	Cathedralian			Kubergandian						273.01
											Cathedralian			Bolorian						279.8
											Hessian									281.9 *
				Artinskian	Autunian															283.5
														Yakhtashian						286
										Wolfcampian	Lenoxian			Yakhtashian						286.1 *
				Sakmarian							Lenoxian			Sakmarian						290.1
				Asselian							Nealian			Asselian						293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																298.9
				Kasimovian																303.7
				Moscovian																307
				Bashkirian																315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian																323.2
				Visean																330.9
				Tournaisian																346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian																358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian																372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian																382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian																387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian																393.3
Pragian				407.6
Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Cayugan		419.2
		Pridoli		Niagaran		422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			Lockportian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			Ontarian	433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
							Alexandrian	438.7 *
				Medinan		Clinton		440.1 *
								440.7 *
			Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Hirnantian			Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Ashgill			Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian	Chientangkiangian								Rawtheyan	445.2
												Cautleyan	448.9 *
												Pusgillian	449.3 *
				Neichianshanian/Hanjiang								Pusgillian	449.5
									Caradoc			Streffordian	Onnian †			449.6 *
												Cheneyan				451.5 *
												Burrellian				452.7 *
			Sandbian													453
													Actonian †			453.2 *
													Marshbrookian †			Woolstonian †	454.2 *
													Longvillian †				455.2 *
												Aurelucian	Longvillian †				456.8 *
												Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian			Guniu †/Hulo		Llanvirn			Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
							Guniu †/Hulo					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					461.3 *
							Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo									466.3 *
	Dapingian		Dapingian	467.3
	Dapingian		Dapingian	Arenig					Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian						Fennian			470
									Whitlandian			471.1 *
									Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian	Tremadoc					Migneintian			477.7
								Lianghekou †	Migneintian			477.9 *
									Cressagian			480.8 *
												485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										485.4
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										497
		Drumian										500.5
		Wuliuan										504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4										509
	Series 2	Stage 3										514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran															Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran															Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																				635