PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127749 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of Western Europe	Ordovician of the Baltic				Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Ordovician of North America					Silurian of North America			Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Carboniferous of North America	Silurian of the Baltic	Devonian of Germany
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Triassic	Early Triassic	Olenekian															Vokhmian				247.2
	Mesozoic	Triassic	Early Triassic	Induan															Vokhmian				251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																			251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Zechstein														Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian				254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Rotliegendes														Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian				259.51
				Wordian															Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian				264.28
				Roadian															Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian				266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian																			273.01
				Artinskian	Autunian																		283.5
				Sakmarian																			290.1
				Asselian																Bursumian †			293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																Virgilian			298.9
				Kasimovian																Missourian			303.7
				Kasimovian																Desmoinesian			305.9 *
				Moscovian																Desmoinesian			307
				Moscovian																Atokan			312.7 *
				Bashkirian																Atokan			315.2
				Bashkirian																Morrowan			318.4 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian																Chesterian			323.2
				Visean																Chesterian			330.9
																				Meramecian			335.8 *
																				Osagean			343.1 *
				Tournaisian																Osagean			346.7
				Tournaisian																Kinderhookian			351.9 *
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian																		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian																		Adorf	372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian																		Givetian	382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian																		Eifelian	387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian																		Emsian	393.3
				Pragian																		Siegen	407.6
				Lochkovian																		Gedinnine	410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli													Cayugan					Ohesaare		419.2
																Cayugan					Kaugetuma		421.7 *
																Niagaran					Kaugetuma		422.5 *
			Ludlow	Ludfordian																	Kuressaare		423
				Ludfordian																	Paadla		423.4 *
				Gorstian																	Paadla		425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian													Lockportian				Rootsikula		427.4
				Homerian													Lockportian				Jaagarahu		429.2 *
				Sheinwoodian																	Jaagarahu		430.5
				Sheinwoodian																	Jaani		431.8 *
			Llandovery	Telychian													Ontarian				Jaani		433.4
				Telychian																	Adavere		434 *
				Aeronian																			438.5
																		Alexandrian					438.7 *
																					Raikkula		439.4 *
																Medinan	Clinton						440.1 *
																							440.7 *
				Rhuddanian																			440.8
				Rhuddanian																	Juuru		441.4 *
		Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Harju	Porkuni				Cincinnatian	Gamachian											443.8
				Katian			Pirgu					Gamachian											445.2
							Pirgu					Richmondian											446 *
							Vormsi					Richmondian											449.6 *
							Vormsi					Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian										449.8 *
							Nabala	Johvi †				Maysvillian											450 *
							Nabala					Edenian											450.4 *
						Viru	Rakvere					Edenian											450.6 *
							Rakvere				Mohawkian	Chatfieldian											451.1 *
							Oandu																452 *
				Sandbian			Keila	Idavere †															453
							Keila					Turinian											453.7 *
							Haljala																453.9
							Kukruse																456.4 *
Whiterockian							Kukruse			Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
							Uhaku	Aluoja †				457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician		Darriwilian	458.4			Uhaku
				Lasnamagi			458.9 *
				Aseri			460.4 *
				Oeland		Kunda	462.9 *
						Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
						Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka				467.1 *
			Dapingian									467.3
									Rangerian			469.1 *
						Billingen			Rangerian			469.3 *
Early Ordovician	Floian		Ibexian		Blackhillsian				Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
							Latorp †					470.1 *
						Hunneberg						473.7 *
					Tulean							473.9 *
	Tremadocian				Tulean							Ungurian	477.7
					Stairsian								480.3 *
					Stairsian	Varangu							481.3 *
					Skullrockian	Varangu					Demingian †		482 *
						Pakerort					Demingian †		482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Pakerort			Batyrbaian				485.4
													486.3 *
													486.5
													487.5
		Jiangshanian											489.5
									Aksaian				490.7 *
									Sakian				492.2 *
		Paibian							Sakian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Ayusokkanian				497
		Guzhangian											499.5
		Drumian							Zhanaarykian				500.5
		Drumian							Tuesaian				503
		Wuliuan							Tuesaian				504.5
		Wuliuan											505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4											509
									Toyonian				510 *
									Botomian				512.5 *
		Stage 3							Botomian				514
		Stage 3							Atdabanian				515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Tommotian				521
		Stage 2											525.5
		Fortunian											529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
		Tonian												Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian												Karatau	1000
		Stenian												Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian												Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian												Burzyan	1375
																							1400