PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126764 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of Western Europe	Ordovician of Britain				Cretaceous Subepochs	Devonian Subages	Cambrian of China		Permian of China	Ordovician of North America
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Senonian								66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						Gallic								100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian						Neocomian								125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Pliensbachian														184.2
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										Meishanian				251.902
		Changhsingian										Baoqingian				253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Zechstein									Laoshanian				254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Zechstein									Laibinian				257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Rotliegendes									Lengwuan				259.51
		Wordian										Kuhfengian				264.28
		Roadian										Kuhfengian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian										Luodianian				273.01
		Artinskian	Autunian									Luodianian				283.5
		Artinskian										Longlinian				285.4 *
		Sakmarian										Longlinian				290.1
		Asselian										Zisongian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										Zisongian				298.9
		Gzhelian														300.1
		Kasimovian														303.7
		Moscovian														307
		Bashkirian														315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian														323.2
		Visean														330.9
		Tournaisian														346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							Late Famennian							358.9
									Middle Famennian							365.3 *
									Early Famennian							368.5 *
		Frasnian							Late Frasnian							372.2
									Middle Frasnian							375.4 *
									Early Frasnian							379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							Late Givetian							382.7
									Middle Givetian							383.7 *
									Early Givetian							385.9 *
		Eifelian							Late Eifelian							387.7
		Eifelian							Early Eifelian							390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian							Late Emsian							393.3
		Emsian							Early Emsian							398.3 *
		Pragian							Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian	410.8
				Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ashgill	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian		Gamachian	443.8
		Katian				Rawtheyan		445.2	Gamachian
						Rawtheyan		Richmondian	446 *
						Cautleyan			448.9 *
						Pusgillian			449.3 *
					Caradoc	Streffordian			Onnian †	449.6 *
								Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
								Edenian			450.4 *
							Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			451.1 *
						Cheneyan					451.5 *
						Burrellian					452.7 *
		Sandbian									453
									Actonian †		453.2 *
								Turinian	Actonian †		453.7 *
									Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †		454.2 *
									Longvillian †				455.2 *
						Aurelucian							456.8 *
							Whiterockian			Canadian †			Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
									Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian					457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn								458.4
		Darriwilian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn								461.3 *
		Dapingian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn								467.3
					Arenig	Fennian								468.4 *
								Rangerian						469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Ibexian	Blackhillsian					Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
						Whitlandian		Blackhillsian							471.1 *
						Whitlandian		Tulean							473.9 *
						Moridunian									474.3 *
		Tremadocian			Tremadoc	Migneintian									477.7
						Migneintian		Stairsian							480.3 *
						Cressagian		Stairsian							480.8 *
			Skullrockian			Cressagian		Demingian †						482 *
								Demingian †				485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Niuchehean		Taoyuanian †					485.4
		Stage 10						Niuchehean							487.5
		Jiangshanian						Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian						Paibian							494
		Paibian						Paibian		Waergangian †/Youshuanian					494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Guzhangian		Wangcunian †					497
		Drumian						Drumian		Wangcunian †					500.5
		Wuliuan						Wuliuan/Taijangian							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Duyunian							509
	Series 2	Stage 3						Nangaoian							514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Meishucunian							521
		Fortunian						Meishucunian							529
		Fortunian						Jinnigian							530.7
																538.8