PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of Western Europe	Silurian of North America			Devonian Subages	Precambrian of Russia	North American Land Mammal Ages	Devonian of Czechoslovakia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Saintaugustinean		0
				Meghalayan							Santarosean		0.0004
				Northgrippian									0.0042
				Greenlandian									0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
				Late Pleistocene							Rancholabrean		0.014
				Chibanian							Rancholabrean		0.129
				Chibanian							Irvingtonian		0.21
				Calabrian							Irvingtonian		0.774
				Calabrian							Blancan		1.4
				Gelasian									1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									2.58
				Zanclean									3.6
				Zanclean							Hemphillian		4.7
			Miocene	Messinian									5.333
				Tortonian									7.246
				Tortonian							Clarendonian		9.4
				Serravallian							Clarendonian		11.63
				Serravallian							Barstovian		12.5
				Langhian									13.82
				Burdigalian									15.98
											Hemingfordian		16.3
											Arikareean		18.5
				Aquitanian									20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
				Rupelian									27.82
											Whitneyan		29.5
											Orellan		31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian							Chadronian		33.9
				Priabonian							Duchesnean		37
				Bartonian							Duchesnean		37.71
				Bartonian							Uintan		39.7
				Lutetian							Uintan		41.2
				Lutetian							Bridgerian		46.2
				Ypresian							Bridgerian		47.8
											Wasatchian		50.5
											Clarkforkian		54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian							Clarkforkian		56
				Thanetian							Tiffanian		56.2
				Selandian							Tiffanian		59.2
				Selandian							Torrejonian		60.9
				Danian							Torrejonian		61.6
				Danian							Puercan		63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
				Campanian									72.1
				Santonian									83.6
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian									93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
				Aptian									113
				Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian									125.77
				Valanginian									132.6
				Berriasian									139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
				Kimmeridgian									149.2
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Bathonian									165.3
				Bajocian									168.2
				Aalenian									170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
				Pliensbachian									184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Zechstein	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Rotliegendes	259.51
			Wordian		264.28
			Roadian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
			Artinskian	Autunian	283.5
			Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
			Kasimovian		303.7
			Moscovian		307
			Bashkirian		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
			Visean		330.9
			Tournaisian		346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Late Famennian	358.9
					Middle Famennian	365.3 *
					Early Famennian	368.5 *
			Frasnian		Late Frasnian	372.2
					Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
					Early Frasnian	379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Late Givetian	Srbsko	382.7
					Middle Givetian		383.7 *
					Early Givetian		385.9 *
			Eifelian		Late Eifelian	Chotec	387.7
			Eifelian		Early Eifelian	Chotec	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Late Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
			Emsian		Early Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian	398.3 *
			Pragian		Pragian	Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian	Lochkovian	410.8
					Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
	Silurian	Pridoli			Cayugan			419.2
		Pridoli			Niagaran			422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					Lockportian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					Ontarian	433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
									Alexandrian	438.7 *
					Medinan			Clinton		440.1 *
										440.7 *
			Rhuddanian							440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
			Katian							445.2
			Sandbian							453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian							470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							485.4
			Jiangshanian							489.5
			Paibian							494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian							497
			Drumian							500.5
			Wuliuan							504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4							509
		Series 2	Stage 3							514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian									Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau	1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan	1375
													1400