PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of Western Europe	Silurian Ages of Europe	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Mesozoic Subages		Silurian of the Baltic
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian			66
				Campanian									Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian			72.1
				Santonian									Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			83.6
				Coniacian									Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian			86.3
				Turonian									Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian			89.8
				Cenomanian									Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian			93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									Late Albian			100.5
													Middle Albian			106.2 *
													Early Albian			109.9 *
				Aptian									Late Aptian			113
				Aptian									Early Aptian			119.5 *
				Barremian									Late Barremian/Early Barremian			121.4
				Hauterivian									Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian			125.77
				Valanginian									Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian			132.6
				Berriasian									Late Berriasian			139.8
													Middle Berriasian			140.6 *
													Early Berriasian			142.7 *
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		145
				Tithonian									Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		146.3 *
				Kimmeridgian									Late Kimmeridgian			149.2
				Kimmeridgian									Early Kimmeridgian			152.2 *
				Oxfordian									Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		154.8
				Oxfordian										Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		157.9 *
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
				Bathonian									Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian			165.3
				Bajocian									Late Bajocian			168.2
				Bajocian									Early Bajocian			168.6 *
				Aalenian									Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian			170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian									Late Toarcian			174.7
													Middle Toarcian			180.4 *
													Early Toarcian			182.9 *
				Pliensbachian									Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			184.2
				Sinemurian									Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian			192.9
				Hettangian									Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
				Norian									Sevatian			208.5
													Alaunian			213.2 *
													Lacian			216.7 *
				Carnian									Tuvalian			227
				Carnian									Julian			233.4 *
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian									Longobardian			237
				Ladinian									Fassanian			239.7 *
				Anisian									Illyrian			242
													Pelsonian			243.8 *
													Bithynian			244.7 *
													Aegean			245.5 *
			Early Triassic	Olenekian									Spathian			247.2
				Olenekian									Smithian			248.9 *
				Induan									Dienerian			251.2
				Induan									Griesbachian			251.4 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Zechstein											254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Rotliegendes											259.51
				Wordian												264.28
				Roadian												266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian												273.01
				Artinskian	Autunian											283.5
				Sakmarian												290.1
				Asselian												293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian												298.9
				Kasimovian												303.7
				Moscovian												307
				Bashkirian												315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian												323.2
Visean				330.9
Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Ohesaare		419.2
		Pridoli		Kaugetuma		421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian	Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian	Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	Gleedonian		Rootsikula	427.4
				Gleedonian		Jaagarahu	429.2 *
				Whitwellian			429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian				430.5
			Sheinwoodian			Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani	433.4
			Telychian			Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian			Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian			Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian			Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian			Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Kosovian		443.8
			Katian			Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian			Berounian			449.7 *
			Sandbian						453
									Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
								Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
						Dobrotivian					458.5 *
						Oretanian					459.7 *
								Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian					Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian			Arenigian					468
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Arenigian					470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
			Jiangshanian								489.5
			Paibian								494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian								497
			Drumian								500.5
			Wuliuan								504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4								509
		Series 2	Stage 3								514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †		Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																635