PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of Western Europe	Silurian of the Baltic	Devonian of Eastern North America		Ordovician of the Baltic				Permian Subages of Germany	Precambrian of Russia	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Carboniferous of North America	Permian of the Salt Range
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian			23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian											Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian			27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian				33.9
				Bartonian											Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan				37.71
				Lutetian															41.2
				Ypresian												Bumbanian			47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian											Gashatan				56
				Selandian															59.2
				Danian															61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
				Campanian															72.1
				Santonian															83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian															93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
				Aptian															113
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
				Berriasian															139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
				Kimmeridgian															149.2
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian															168.2
				Aalenian															170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
				Pliensbachian															184.2
				Sinemurian															192.9
				Hettangian															199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
				Norian															208.5
				Carnian															227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
				Induan															251.2
				Induan														Kathwai	251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									Buntsandstein					Kathwai	251.902
																			252.4 *
																		Chhidru	252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian	Zechstein													Chhidru	254.14
																		Kalabagh	255 *
																		Wargal	256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Rotliegendes								Ohre/Aller						259.51
				Wordian									Leine						264.28
																			265.3 *
																		Amb	266.1 *
				Roadian														Amb	266.9
				Roadian															270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian															273.01
				Artinskian	Autunian														283.5
				Sakmarian															290.1
				Asselian													Bursumian †		293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian													Virgilian		298.9
				Kasimovian													Missourian		303.7
				Kasimovian													Desmoinesian		305.9 *
				Moscovian													Desmoinesian		307
				Moscovian													Atokan		312.7 *
				Bashkirian													Atokan		315.2
				Bashkirian													Morrowan		318.4 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian													Chesterian		323.2
Visean				330.9													Chesterian
				Meramecian		335.8 *
				Osagean		343.1 *
Tournaisian				Osagean		346.7
Tournaisian				Kinderhookian		351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan			Cazenovian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Southwoodian			Cazenovian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian			Helderbergian	393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					Ohesaare		419.2
		Pridoli					Kaugetuma		421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian				Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian				Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula		427.4
			Homerian				Jaagarahu		429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu		430.5
			Sheinwoodian				Jaani		431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani		433.4
			Telychian				Adavere		434 *
			Aeronian				Adavere		438.5
			Aeronian				Raikkula		439.4 *
			Rhuddanian				Raikkula		440.8
			Rhuddanian				Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian							Pirgu	445.2
										Vormsi	449.6 *
										Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
									Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
										Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian							Keila	Idavere †	453
										Haljala		453.9
										Kukruse		456.4 *
										Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Uhaku		458.4
										Lasnamagi		458.9 *
										Aseri		460.4 *
	Oeland								Kunda	462.9 *
									Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
									Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian						Volkhov			467.3
			Dapingian						Billingen			469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian									470
										Latorp †		470.1 *
									Hunneberg			473.7 *
			Tremadocian						Hunneberg			477.7
									Varangu			481.3 *
									Pakerort			482.2 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10						Pakerort			485.4
												486.3 *
												486.5
			Jiangshanian									489.5
			Paibian									494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		497
			Drumian		500.5
			Wuliuan		504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4		509
		Series 2	Stage 3		514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2		521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian		529
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian	538.8
			Cryogenian											635
			Tonian											720
			Tonian										Karatau	800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau	1000
			Stenian										Yurmatian	1100
			Ectasian			1200							Yurmatian
			Ectasian			Burzyan							1375
																			1400