PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of Western Europe	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Precambrian of Russia	Cambrian of North America		Ten Million Year Bins	Silurian of England		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Cenozoic 6						0
				Northgrippian												0.0042
				Greenlandian												0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
				Chibanian												0.129
				Calabrian												0.774
				Gelasian												1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
			Miocene	Messinian												5.333
				Tortonian												7.246
				Serravallian						Cenozoic 5						11.63
				Langhian												13.82
				Burdigalian												15.98
				Aquitanian												20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Cenozoic 4						23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian						Cenozoic 4						27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian						Cenozoic 3						33.9
				Bartonian						Cenozoic 3						37.71
				Lutetian						Cenozoic 2						41.2
				Ypresian						Cenozoic 2						47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian						Cenozoic 1						56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Cretaceous 8						66
				Campanian						Cretaceous 7						72.1
				Santonian						Cretaceous 6						83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian						Cretaceous 5						93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian						Cretaceous 4						100.5
				Aptian						Cretaceous 3						113
				Barremian						Cretaceous 2						121.4
				Hauterivian						Cretaceous 2						125.77
				Valanginian						Cretaceous 1						132.6
				Berriasian						Cretaceous 1						139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Jurassic 6						145
				Kimmeridgian						Jurassic 5						149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian						Jurassic 4						165.3
				Bajocian						Jurassic 4						168.2
				Aalenian						Jurassic 3						170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian						Jurassic 3						174.7
				Pliensbachian						Jurassic 2						184.2
				Sinemurian						Jurassic 1						192.9
				Hettangian						Jurassic 1						199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						Triassic 4						201.4
				Norian						Triassic 4						208.5
				Carnian						Triassic 3						227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Triassic 2						237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian						Triassic 2						242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian						Triassic 1						247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan						Triassic 1						251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Permian 4						251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Zechstein											254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Rotliegendes											259.51
				Wordian												264.28
				Roadian						Permian 3						266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian						Permian 2						273.01
				Artinskian	Autunian											283.5
				Sakmarian												290.1
				Asselian						Permian 1						293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Carboniferous 5						298.9
Kasimovian				303.7						Carboniferous 5
Moscovian				Carboniferous 4		307
Bashkirian				Carboniferous 4		315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3		323.2
			Visean	Carboniferous 2		330.9
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Srbsko		Devonian 3	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Chotec		Devonian 3	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian		Devonian 2	393.3
			Pragian	Pragian		Devonian 1	407.6
			Lochkovian	Lochkovian		Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				Silurian 2	Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
		Pridoli					Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
			Gorstian						425.6
			Gorstian					Buildwas	426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian					Buildwas	427.4
			Homerian				Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
			Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			Silurian 1			433.4
			Telychian						436.3 *
			Aeronian						438.5
			Aeronian				Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
			Rhuddanian				Cowleigh Park		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ordovician 5			Kosovian	443.8
			Katian						Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian						Berounian		449.7 *
			Sandbian			Ordovician 4					453
											Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
										Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Ordovician 3							458.4
									Dobrotivian				458.5 *
									Oretanian				459.7 *
										Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian			Ordovician 2				Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian						Arenigian				468
		Early Ordovician	Floian						Arenigian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Ordovician 1			Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10			Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan			Cambrian 5					485.4
			Stage 10											Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian											Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian											Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian											Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Marjumian			Albertian †					Cambrian 4	497
			Drumian			Marjumian								Cambrian 4	500.5
			Wuliuan			Topazan								Cambrian 3	504.5
			Wuliuan			Delamaran									506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4			Delamaran			Waucoban †						509
			Stage 4			Dyeran									511 *
			Stage 3			Dyeran								Cambrian 2	514
						Montezuman									514.8 *
						Begadean									519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1											529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian							538.8
		Cryogenian														635
		Tonian														720
		Tonian							Karatau							800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian							Karatau							1000
		Stenian							Yurmatian							1100
		Ectasian							Yurmatian							1200
		Ectasian			Burzyan				1375
		Calymmian							1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian							1600
		Orosirian							1800
		Rhyacian							2050
		Siderian							2300
Archean	Neoarchean								2500
	Mesoarchean								2800
	Paleoarchean								3200
	Eoarchean								3600
Hadean									4000
																4600