PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of Western Europe	Carboniferous of North America	Cambrian Epochs	Precambrian of Russia	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cretaceous Subepochs	Devonian of Czechoslovakia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Wanganui	Haweran			0
				Northgrippian									0.0042
				Greenlandian									0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
				Chibanian									0.129
				Chibanian						Castlecliffian			0.34
				Calabrian						Castlecliffian			0.774
				Calabrian						Nukumaruan			1.63
				Gelasian						Nukumaruan			1.8
				Gelasian						Mangapanian			2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Mangapanian			2.58
				Piacenzian						Waipipian			3
				Zanclean						Waipipian			3.6
				Zanclean						Opoitian			3.7
			Miocene	Messinian					Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
				Messinian						Tongaporutuan			7.2
				Tortonian						Tongaporutuan			7.246
				Tortonian					Southland	Waiauan			11.04
				Serravallian						Waiauan			11.63
				Serravallian						Lillburnian			13.05
				Langhian						Lillburnian			13.82
										Clifdenian			15.1
									Pareora	Altonian			15.9
				Burdigalian						Altonian			15.98
				Burdigalian						Otaian			18.7
				Aquitanian						Otaian			20.44
				Aquitanian					Landon	Waitakian			21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Waitakian			23.03
										Duntroonian			25.2
										Whaingaroan			27.3
				Rupelian									27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
									Arnold	Runangan			34.6
										Kaiatan			36.7
				Bartonian						Kaiatan			37.71
				Bartonian						Bortonian			39.1
				Lutetian						Bortonian			41.2
									Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
										Heretaungan			45.7
				Ypresian						Heretaungan			47.8
										Mangaorapan			48.9
										Waipawan			52
			Paleocene	Thanetian						Teurian			56
				Selandian									59.2
				Danian									61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Mata	Haumurian	Senonian		66
				Campanian						Haumurian			72.1
				Santonian						Piripauan			83.6
				Santonian					Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
										Mangaotanean			90.5
										Arowhanan			93.7
				Cenomanian						Arowhanan			93.9
									Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
										Motuan			99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian						Motuan	Gallic		100.5
										Urutawan			103.3
									Taitai	Korangan			108.4
				Aptian						Korangan			113
				Aptian									117.5
				Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian							Neocomian		125.77
				Valanginian									132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
			Kimmeridgian			149.2
			Oxfordian			154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
			Bathonian			165.3
			Bajocian			168.2
			Aalenian			170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
			Pliensbachian			184.2
			Sinemurian			192.9
			Hettangian			199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
			Norian			208.5
			Carnian			227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Zechstein	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian			Rotliegendes	259.51
			Wordian				264.28
			Roadian				266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
			Artinskian			Autunian	283.5
			Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian				Bursumian †	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Virgilian	298.9
			Kasimovian				Missourian	303.7
			Kasimovian				Desmoinesian	305.9 *
			Moscovian				Desmoinesian	307
			Moscovian				Atokan	312.7 *
			Bashkirian				Atokan	315.2
			Bashkirian				Morrowan	318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Chesterian	323.2
			Visean				Chesterian	330.9
							Meramecian	335.8 *
							Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian				Osagean	346.7
			Tournaisian				Kinderhookian	351.9 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					Srbsko	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Chotec	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
			Pragian					Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian					Lochkovian	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
			Katian						445.2
			Sandbian						453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian						470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Late Cambrian	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10								Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian	489.5							Sunwaptan
			Jiangshanian	Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian	Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Middle Cambrian	Marjumian				Albertian †	497
			Drumian		Marjumian					500.5
			Wuliuan		Topazan					504.5
			Wuliuan		Delamaran					506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Early Cambrian	Delamaran				Waucoban †	509
			Stage 4		Dyeran					511 *
			Stage 3		Dyeran					514
					Montezuman					514.8 *
					Begadean					519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian			538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian							Karatau			800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian							Karatau			1000
		Stenian							Yurmatian			1100
		Ectasian							Yurmatian			1200
		Ectasian							Burzyan			1375
													1400