PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of Western Europe	Permian of the Pamirs	Silurian Ages of Europe	Permian of North America		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Permian of the Salt Range	Cretaceous Subepochs	Ordovician of Britain
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Senonian				66
				Campanian													72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									Gallic				100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian									Neocomian				125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
				Kimmeridgian													149.2
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian													168.2
				Aalenian													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
				Pliensbachian													184.2
				Sinemurian													192.9
				Hettangian													199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
				Norian													208.5
				Carnian													227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
				Induan													251.2
				Induan								Kathwai					251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Dorashamian						Kathwai					251.902
																	252.4 *
												Chhidru					252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian	Zechstein	Dzhulfian						Chhidru					254.14
												Kalabagh					255 *
												Wargal					256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Rotliegendes	Midian		Capitanian									259.51
				Wordian				Wordian									264.28
																	265.3 *
												Amb					266.1 *
						Murgabian											266.2 *
				Roadian				Roadian									266.9
				Roadian				Roadian									270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kubergandian		Leonardian	Cathedralian								273.01
						Bolorian			Cathedralian								279.8
									Hessian								281.9 *
				Artinskian	Autunian												283.5
						Yakhtashian											286
						Yakhtashian		Wolfcampian	Lenoxian								286.1 *
				Sakmarian		Sakmarian			Lenoxian								290.1
				Asselian		Asselian			Nealian								293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian													298.9
				Kasimovian													303.7
				Moscovian													307
				Bashkirian													315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian													323.2
				Visean													330.9
				Tournaisian													346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian													358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian													372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian													382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian													387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian													393.3
Pragian				407.6
Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
		Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	Gleedonian			427.4
			Homerian	Whitwellian			429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ashgill			Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian							Rawtheyan	445.2
										Cautleyan	448.9 *
										Pusgillian	449.3 *
							Caradoc			Streffordian	Onnian †		449.6 *
										Cheneyan			451.5 *
										Burrellian			452.7 *
			Sandbian										453
											Actonian †		453.2 *
											Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
											Longvillian †			455.2 *
										Aurelucian	Longvillian †			456.8 *
										Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Llanvirn			Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
			Darriwilian							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
			Dapingian							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				467.3
			Dapingian				Arenig			Fennian				468.4 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian							Fennian				470
										Whitlandian				471.1 *
										Moridunian				474.3 *
	Tremadocian		Tremadoc				Migneintian			477.7
			Tremadoc				Cressagian			480.8 *
										485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								509
	Series 2	Stage 3								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																	635