PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of Western Europe	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Mesozoic Subages		Central Paratethys Stages
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Tertiary †										2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
	Miocene	Messinian															5.333
		Tortonian														Pannonian	7.246
		Serravallian														Sarmatian	11.63
		Serravallian														Badenian	12.8 *
		Langhian															13.82
		Burdigalian															15.98
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
		Bartonian															37.71
		Lutetian															41.2
		Ypresian															47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian															56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian			66
		Campanian												Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian			72.1
		Santonian												Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			83.6
		Coniacian												Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian			86.3
		Turonian												Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian			89.8
		Cenomanian												Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												Late Albian			100.5
														Middle Albian			106.2 *
														Early Albian			109.9 *
		Aptian												Late Aptian			113
		Aptian												Early Aptian			119.5 *
		Barremian												Late Barremian/Early Barremian			121.4
		Hauterivian												Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian			125.77
		Valanginian												Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian			132.6
		Berriasian												Late Berriasian			139.8
														Middle Berriasian			140.6 *
														Early Berriasian			142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		145
		Tithonian												Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian												Late Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Kimmeridgian												Early Kimmeridgian			152.2 *
		Oxfordian												Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		154.8
		Oxfordian													Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian												Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian		Epizigzagiceras										Late Bajocian			168.2
				Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense										Late Bajocian			168.4
				Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense										Early Bajocian			168.6 *
		Aalenian		Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni										Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta										Late Toarcian			174.7
				Planulata													179.3 *
						Arnioceras arnouldi											179.8 *
														Middle Toarcian			180.4 *
				Kanense													181.3 *
				Carlottense													182.3 *
				Carlottense										Early Toarcian			182.9 *
				Kunae										Early Toarcian			183.5 *
		Pliensbachian		Kunae										Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			184.2
				Freboldi													185.1 *
				Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras												186.2 *
					Tetraspidoceras												189.2 *
				Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis												190.3 *
		Sinemurian												Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian			192.9
				Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras											196.4 *
				Franziceras/Euphyllites													196.5 *
		Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites										Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
		Norian				Sevatian		208.5
						Alaunian		213.2 *
						Lacian		216.7 *
		Carnian				Tuvalian		227
		Carnian				Julian		233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Longobardian		237
		Ladinian				Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian				Illyrian		242
						Pelsonian		243.8 *
						Bithynian		244.7 *
						Aegean		245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Spathian		247.2
		Olenekian				Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan				Dienerian		251.2
		Induan				Griesbachian		251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Zechstein	Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Rotliegendes		259.51
		Wordian							264.28
		Roadian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
		Artinskian					Autunian		283.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian							Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Virgilian	298.9
		Kasimovian							Missourian	303.7
		Kasimovian							Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian							Desmoinesian	307
		Moscovian							Atokan	312.7 *
		Bashkirian							Atokan	315.2
		Bashkirian							Morrowan	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Chesterian	323.2
		Visean							Chesterian	330.9
									Meramecian	335.8 *
									Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian							Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian							Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								Late Famennian	358.9
										Middle Famennian	365.3 *
										Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian								Late Frasnian	372.2
										Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
										Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								Late Givetian	382.7
										Middle Givetian	383.7 *
										Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian								Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian								Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian								Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian								Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian								Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian								Late Lochkovian	410.8
										Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
										Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli										419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian									433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Kosovian						Bolindian	443.8
		Katian	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2						Bolindian
			Kralodvorian		Eastonian						449 *
			Berounian		Eastonian						449.7 *
					Gisbornian						452 *
		Sandbian									453
											Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
				Liben †									458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian								458.4
			Dobrotivian										458.5 *
			Oretanian										459.7 *
				Sarka †									461.7 *
		Dapingian		Klabava †	Yapeenian								467.3
			Arenigian		Yapeenian								468
					Castlemainian								468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Chewtonian								470
					Bendigonian								471.8 *
					Lancefieldian	473.5 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian		Lancefieldian	Ungurian							477.7
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian		Warendian	Ungurian		482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Batyrbaian		485.4
		Jiangshanian				Batyrbaian		489.5
						Aksaian		490.7 *
						Sakian		492.2 *
		Paibian				Sakian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †		Ayusokkanian					497
		Guzhangian						499.5
		Drumian					Zhanaarykian	500.5
		Drumian					Tuesaian	503
		Wuliuan					Tuesaian	Stage 5 †					504.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †					505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4											509
							Toyonian						510 *
							Botomian						512.5 *
		Stage 3					Botomian						514
		Stage 3					Atdabanian						515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Tommotian						521
																	525.5