PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian Subages of Germany	European Faunal Units	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Carboniferous of China	Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of the Salt Range	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Silurian of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Villanyian									2.58
				Piacenzian		Ruscinian									3.1 *
				Zanclean		Ruscinian									3.6
			Miocene	Messinian		Turolian									5.333
				Tortonian		Turolian									7.246
				Tortonian		Vallesian									8.7
				Serravallian		Astaracian									11.63
				Langhian		Astaracian									13.82
				Burdigalian		Orleanian									15.98
				Burdigalian		Agenian									20
				Aquitanian		Agenian									20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
				Bartonian											37.71
				Lutetian											41.2
				Ypresian											47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian											56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Pliensbachian											184.2
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
				Induan											251.2
				Induan								Kathwai			251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Buntsandstein							Kathwai			251.902
															252.4 *
												Chhidru			252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian								Chhidru			254.14
												Kalabagh			255 *
												Wargal			256 *
										Tatarian	Vyatkian				256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Ohre/Aller						Severodvinian				259.51
				Wordian	Leine						Urzhumian				264.28
															265.3 *
												Amb			266.1 *
				Roadian						Kazanian	Povolzhian	Amb			266.9
				Roadian						Kazanian	Sokian				270.7 *
Cisuralian			Kungurian	Kungurian			Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
							Filipovian	276.5 *
							Saraninian	280.1 *
			Artinskian	Artinskian			Sarginian	283.5
							Irginian	285.9 *
							Burtsevian	287.8 *
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian			Sterlitamakian	290.1
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian			Tastubian	291.7 *
			Asselian	Asselian			Shikhanian	293.52
							Uskalykian	294.8
							Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
			Gzhelian				Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian				Xiaodushanian	303.7
			Kasimovian				Dalaun	305.8 *
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
							Huashibanian	318.5 *
							Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian				Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean				Shangsian	330.9
			Visean				Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian				Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian		Pridoli						Cayugan	419.2
		Pridoli						Niagaran	422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						Lockportian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						Ontarian	433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
										Alexandrian	438.7 *
								Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
											440.7 *
			Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
			Katian								445.2
			Sandbian								453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian								470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian								Ungurian		477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10								Batyrbaian		485.4
	Jiangshanian		489.5								Batyrbaian
			Aksaian								490.7 *
			Sakian								492.2 *
	Paibian		Sakian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian								497
		Guzhangian									499.5
		Drumian	Zhanaarykian								500.5
		Drumian	Tuesaian								503
		Wuliuan	Tuesaian								504.5
		Wuliuan									505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4									509
			Toyonian		510 *
			Botomian		512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian		514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian		515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian		521
		Stage 2			525.5
		Fortunian			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
															635