PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128235 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian Subages of Germany	Devonian Subages	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Ordovician of Australia	Cambrian Epochs	Cambrian of Britain			Permian of the Pamirs
Phanerozoic	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Buntsandstein			Melekhovian								Dorashamian	251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Buntsandstein											Dzhulfian	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Ohre/Aller											Midian	259.51
				Wordian	Leine												264.28
								Noginskian									264.9 *
																Murgabian	266.2 *
				Roadian												Murgabian	266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian												Kubergandian	273.01
								Pavlovoposadian								Kubergandian	276.8 *
																Bolorian	279.8
				Artinskian												Bolorian	283.5
																Yakhtashian	286
								Rusavkinian								Yakhtashian	287.6 *
				Sakmarian												Sakmarian	290.1
				Asselian												Asselian	293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian													298.9
				Kasimovian				Dorogomilovian									303.7
								Khamovnikian									304.8
								Krevyakinian									305.8 *
				Moscovian				Myachkovian									307
								Podolskian									308.9 *
								Kashirian									311.4 *
								Vereian									313.8
								Melekessian									314.8
				Bashkirian				Melekessian									315.2
								Cheremshanian									316.9 *
								Prikamian									318.6 *
								Severokeltmian									319.9 *
								Krasnopolyanian									321.2 *
								Voznesenian									321.9 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Zapaltjubian									323.2
								Protvian									324.4 *
								Steshevian									326.8 *
								Tarusian									329 *
				Visean				Venevian									330.9
								Mikhailovian									331.9 *
								Aleksinian									333.7 *
								Tulian									335.8 *
								Bobrikian									339.9 *
								Radaevkian									343.4 *
				Tournaisian				Kosvian									346.7
								Kizelian									350.7 *
								Cherepetian									351.9 *
								Karakubian									354.4 *
								Upinian									356.3 *
								Malevkian									357.6 *
								Gumerovian									358 *
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Late Famennian											358.9
						Middle Famennian											365.3 *
						Early Famennian											368.5 *
				Frasnian		Late Frasnian											372.2
						Middle Frasnian											375.4 *
						Early Frasnian											379.3 *
			Middle Devonian	Givetian		Late Givetian											382.7
						Middle Givetian											383.7 *
						Early Givetian											385.9 *
				Eifelian		Late Eifelian											387.7
				Eifelian		Early Eifelian											390.3 *
			Early Devonian	Emsian		Late Emsian											393.3
				Emsian		Early Emsian											398.3 *
				Pragian		Pragian											407.6
				Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian											410.8
						Middle Lochkovian											412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian											415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli			Cayugan		419.2
	Pridoli			Niagaran		422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
						Alexandrian	438.7 *
				Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
							440.7 *
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Bolindian					443.8
		Katian		Bolindian					445.2
				Eastonian					449 *
				Gisbornian					452 *
		Sandbian		Gisbornian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian					458.4
		Dapingian		Yapeenian					467.3
		Dapingian		Castlemainian					468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Chewtonian					470
				Bendigonian					471.8 *
				Lancefieldian					473.5 *
		Tremadocian		Lancefieldian					477.7
		Tremadocian		Warendian					482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Late Cambrian	Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
		Stage 10									Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian									Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian									Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian									Maentwrogian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Middle Cambrian	St Davids		497
		Guzhangian										Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan											504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							Branchian	Early Cambrian		Caerfai	509
		Stage 3							Branchian				514
		Stage 3							Placentian				517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																	635