PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian Subages of Germany	Devonian Subages	Silurian of England		Cambrian of North America		Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Ordovician of North America						Ordovician of Australia	Ordovician of the Baltic			Silurian of the Baltic
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Buntsandstein																		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Buntsandstein																		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Ohre/Aller																		259.51
		Wordian	Leine																		264.28
		Roadian																			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																			273.01
		Artinskian																			283.5
		Sakmarian																			290.1
		Asselian																			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Mapingian †												298.9
		Kasimovian							Mapingian †												303.7
		Kasimovian																			305.9
		Moscovian																			307
		Bashkirian																			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian																			323.2
		Visean																			330.9
		Tournaisian																			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Late Famennian																	358.9
				Middle Famennian																	365.3 *
				Early Famennian																	368.5 *
		Frasnian		Late Frasnian																	372.2
				Middle Frasnian																	375.4 *
				Early Frasnian																	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Late Givetian																	382.7
				Middle Givetian																	383.7 *
				Early Givetian																	385.9 *
		Eifelian		Late Eifelian																	387.7
		Eifelian		Early Eifelian																	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Late Emsian																	393.3
		Emsian		Early Emsian																	398.3 *
		Pragian		Pragian																	407.6
		Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian																	410.8
				Middle Lochkovian																	412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian																	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli				Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine														Ohesaare	419.2
						Bringewood/Elton														Ohesaare	421.3
						Bringewood/Elton														Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood														Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian				Wenlock (England)/Tickwood														Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian																			425.6
		Gorstian				Buildwas															426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian				Buildwas														Rootsikula	427.4
					Wych	Woolhope														Rootsikula	428.4 *
																				Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian																		Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian																		Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian																		Jaani	433.4
																				Adavere	434 *
																					436.3 *
		Aeronian																			438.5
					Cowleigh Park																439.3 *
																				Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian																		Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian																		Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Cincinnatian	Gamachian					Bolindian	Harju	Porkuni			443.8
		Katian									Gamachian							Pirgu			445.2
											Richmondian										446 *
																Eastonian					449 *
																		Vormsi			449.6 *
											Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian						Vormsi			449.8 *
											Maysvillian							Nabala	Johvi †		450 *
											Edenian							Nabala			450.4 *
											Edenian						Viru	Rakvere			450.6 *
										Mohawkian	Chatfieldian							Rakvere			451.1 *
							Gisbornian	Oandu					452 *
		Sandbian						Keila					Idavere †	453
								Keila			Turinian			453.7 *
								Haljala						453.9
			Kukruse					456.4 *
			Kukruse					Whiterockian			Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor		457 *
			Uhaku										Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Uhaku				Darriwilian							458.4
			Lasnamagi											458.9 *
			Aseri											460.4 *
			Oeland											Kunda	462.9 *
									Valaste †/Hunderum				464.3 *	Kunda
													Volkhov	Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian					Yapeenian								467.3
							Castlemainian								468.5 *
										Rangerian					469.1 *
										Rangerian			Billingen		469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †			Chewtonian	470
									Latorp †						Chewtonian	470.1 *
															Bendigonian	471.8 *
															Lancefieldian	473.5 *
													Hunneberg			473.7 *
								Tulean								473.9 *
		Tremadocian						Tulean								477.7
								Stairsian								480.3 *
								Stairsian					Varangu			481.3 *
								Skullrockian				Demingian †	Varangu			482 *
													Pakerort			482.2 *
															Warendian	482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan								485.4
																	486.3 *
																	486.5
							Sunwaptan											487.5
		Jiangshanian					Sunwaptan											489.5
		Jiangshanian		Steptoean			493 *
		Paibian		Steptoean			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Marjumian			Albertian †		497
		Drumian		Marjumian					500.5
		Wuliuan		Topazan					504.5
		Wuliuan		Delamaran					506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Delamaran			Waucoban †		509
		Stage 4		Dyeran					511 *
		Stage 3		Dyeran					514
				Montezuman					514.8 *
				Begadean					519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
																					538.8