PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127057 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian Subages of Germany	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cambrian of Australia	Ten Million Year Bins	Central Paratethys Stages	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cambrian of Siberia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Cenozoic 6						0
				Northgrippian											0.0042
				Greenlandian											0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
				Chibanian											0.129
				Calabrian											0.774
				Gelasian											1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
			Miocene	Messinian											5.333
				Tortonian						Pannonian					7.246
				Serravallian					Cenozoic 5	Sarmatian					11.63
				Serravallian						Badenian					12.8 *
				Langhian											13.82
				Burdigalian											15.98
				Aquitanian											20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Cenozoic 4						23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian					Cenozoic 4						27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian					Cenozoic 3						33.9
				Bartonian					Cenozoic 3						37.71
				Lutetian					Cenozoic 2						41.2
				Ypresian					Cenozoic 2						47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian					Cenozoic 1						56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Cretaceous 8						66
				Campanian					Cretaceous 7						72.1
				Santonian					Cretaceous 6						83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian					Cretaceous 5						93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian					Cretaceous 4						100.5
				Aptian					Cretaceous 3						113
				Barremian					Cretaceous 2						121.4
				Hauterivian					Cretaceous 2						125.77
				Valanginian					Cretaceous 1						132.6
				Berriasian					Cretaceous 1						139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke	Puaroan		Jurassic 6						145
				Kimmeridgian		Oteke	Puaroan		Jurassic 5						149.2
						Kawhia	Ohauan								150
							Heterian								154.5
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Callovian			Temaikan								164.3
				Bathonian					Jurassic 4						165.3
				Bajocian					Jurassic 4						168.2
				Aalenian					Jurassic 3						170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan								176
				Pliensbachian			Ururoan		Jurassic 2						184.2
				Pliensbachian			Aratauran		Jurassic 2						188.9
				Sinemurian					Jurassic 1						192.9
				Hettangian					Jurassic 1						199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian		Triassic 4						201.4
				Norian			Warepan								208.5
							Otamitan								217
							Oretian								221
				Carnian			Oretian		Triassic 3						227
				Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan		Triassic 3						227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan		Triassic 2						237
				Ladinian			Etalian								238
				Anisian			Etalian								242
				Anisian			Malakovian								246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian		Triassic 1						247.2
Nelsonian				Olenekian	249
Nelsonian				Induan	251.2
DUrville				Induan	Makarewan	251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Makarewan	Buntsandstein	Permian 4	Melekhovian	251.902
				Changhsingian	Waiitian				253.2
				Wuchiapingian	Waiitian				254.14
				Wuchiapingian	Puruhauan				254.2
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Ohre/Aller	Aparima	Flettian			259.51
			Wordian	Leine					264.28
								Noginskian	264.9 *
						Barettian			266
			Roadian				Permian 3		266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian				Permian 2		273.01
						Mangapirian			276
								Pavlovoposadian	276.8 *
			Artinskian						283.5
						Telfordian			285
						Telfordian		Rusavkinian	287.6 *
									288.5
			Sakmarian						290.1
			Asselian				Permian 1		293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Carboniferous 5		298.9
			Kasimovian					Dorogomilovian	303.7
								Khamovnikian	304.8
								Krevyakinian	305.8 *
			Moscovian				Carboniferous 4	Myachkovian	307
								Podolskian	308.9 *
								Kashirian	311.4 *
								Vereian	313.8
								Melekessian	314.8
			Bashkirian					Melekessian	315.2
								Cheremshanian	316.9 *
								Prikamian	318.6 *
								Severokeltmian	319.9 *
								Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
								Voznesenian	321.9 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Carboniferous 3	Zapaltjubian	323.2
								Protvian	324.4 *
								Steshevian	326.8 *
								Tarusian	329 *
			Visean				Carboniferous 2	Venevian	330.9
								Mikhailovian	331.9 *
								Aleksinian	333.7 *
								Tulian	335.8 *
								Bobrikian	339.9 *
								Radaevkian	343.4 *
			Tournaisian				Carboniferous 1	Kosvian	346.7
								Kizelian	350.7 *
								Cherepetian	351.9 *
								Karakubian	354.4 *
								Upinian	356.3 *
								Malevkian	357.6 *
								Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				Devonian 5		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				Devonian 4		Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Devonian 3		Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Devonian 3		Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Devonian 2		Emsian	393.3
			Pragian				Devonian 1		Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian				Devonian 1		Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					Silurian 2			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian							Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian								430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				Silurian 1				433.4
	Aeronian		438.5
	Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5				443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5				445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2				470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Mansian †			483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Datsonian	Cambrian 5			Batyrbaian				Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Stage 10	Payntonian										486.8 *
		Jiangshanian	Iverian										489.5
							Aksaian						490.7 *
							Sakian						492.2 *
		Paibian	Idamean		494
		Paibian	Idamean		Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Mindyallan	Cambrian 4	Ayusokkanian						497
			Boomerangian		Ayusokkanian						499
			Boomerangian		Mayan/Menevian						499.5
		Drumian	Undillan								500.5
		Drumian	Floran								503
		Wuliuan	Templetonian	Cambrian 3	Amgan/Solvan						504.5
		Wuliuan	Ordian								507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4									509
					Toyonian	Lenian †					510 *
					Toyonian						510.8 *
					Botomian						512.5 *
		Stage 3		Cambrian 2	Botomian						514
		Stage 3			Atdabanian						515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Tommotian						521
		Stage 2			Nemakit-Daldynian						525.5
		Fortunian		Cambrian 1	Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †					529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian											Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian											Karatau	1000
		Stenian											Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian											Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian											Burzyan	1375
															1400