PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian Subages of Germany	Precambrian of Russia	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Silurian of the Baltic	Carboniferous of North America	Permian of the Salt Range
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian				23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian			Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian				27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian			Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian					33.9
				Bartonian			Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan					37.71
				Lutetian								41.2
				Ypresian				Bumbanian				47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Gashatan					56
				Selandian								59.2
				Danian								61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								66
				Campanian								72.1
				Santonian								83.6
				Coniacian								86.3
				Turonian								89.8
				Cenomanian								93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian								100.5
				Aptian								113
				Barremian								121.4
				Hauterivian								125.77
				Valanginian								132.6
				Berriasian								139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								145
				Kimmeridgian								149.2
				Oxfordian								154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
				Bathonian								165.3
				Bajocian								168.2
				Aalenian								170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian								174.7
				Pliensbachian								184.2
				Sinemurian								192.9
				Hettangian								199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								201.4
				Norian								208.5
				Carnian								227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian								237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian								242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian								247.2
				Induan								251.2
				Induan							Kathwai	251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Buntsandstein						Kathwai	251.902
												252.4 *
											Chhidru	252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian							Chhidru	254.14
											Kalabagh	255 *
											Wargal	256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Ohre/Aller							259.51
				Wordian	Leine							264.28
												265.3 *
											Amb	266.1 *
				Roadian							Amb	266.9
				Roadian								270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian								273.01
				Artinskian								283.5
				Sakmarian								290.1
				Asselian						Bursumian †		293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Virgilian		298.9
				Kasimovian						Missourian		303.7
				Kasimovian						Desmoinesian		305.9 *
				Moscovian						Desmoinesian		307
				Moscovian						Atokan		312.7 *
				Bashkirian						Atokan		315.2
				Bashkirian						Morrowan		318.4 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Chesterian		323.2
Visean				330.9						Chesterian
				Meramecian		335.8 *
				Osagean		343.1 *
Tournaisian				Osagean		346.7
Tournaisian				Kinderhookian		351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli				Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian			Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian			Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian			Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian			Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani	433.4
			Telychian			Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian			Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian			Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian			Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian			Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
			Katian				445.2
			Sandbian				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10				485.4
			Jiangshanian				489.5
			Paibian				494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				497
			Drumian				500.5
			Wuliuan				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian							635
		Tonian							720
		Tonian						Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian						Karatau	1000
		Stenian						Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian			1200			Yurmatian
		Ectasian			Burzyan			1375
												1400