PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian Subages of Germany	Cretaceous Subepochs	Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Precambrian of Russia	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Tarantian							0.0117
				Chibanian			Ionian							0.129
				Calabrian										0.774
				Gelasian										1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
			Miocene	Messinian										5.333
				Tortonian										7.246
				Serravallian										11.63
				Langhian										13.82
				Burdigalian										15.98
				Aquitanian										20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
				Bartonian										37.71
				Lutetian										41.2
				Ypresian										47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian										56
				Selandian										59.2
				Danian										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Senonian								66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Gallic								100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian		Neocomian								125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								Oteke	Puaroan	145
				Kimmeridgian								Oteke	Puaroan	149.2
												Kawhia	Ohauan	150
													Heterian	154.5
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Callovian									Temaikan	164.3
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian				Epizigzagiceras						168.2
				Bajocian				Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense						168.4
				Aalenian				Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni						170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta						174.7
								Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta				Herangi	Ururoan	176
								Planulata						179.3 *
								Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi				179.8 *
								Kanense						181.3 *
								Carlottense						182.3 *
								Kunae						183.5 *
				Pliensbachian				Kunae						184.2
								Freboldi						185.1 *
								Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras					186.2 *
								Whiteavesi/Imlayi					Aratauran	188.9
														189.2 *
								Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis					190.3 *
				Sinemurian										192.9
								Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras				196.4 *
								Franziceras/Euphyllites						196.5 *
				Hettangian				Franziceras/Euphyllites						199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								Balfour	Otapirian	201.4
				Norian									Warepan	208.5
													Otamitan	217
Oretian					221
Oretian				Carnian	227
Gore				Carnian	Kaihikuan		227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Kaihikuan		237
				Ladinian	Etalian		238
				Anisian	Etalian		242
				Anisian	Malakovian		246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian	Malakovian		247.2
				Olenekian	Nelsonian		249
				Induan	Nelsonian		251.2
DUrville				Induan	Makarewan		251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Makarewan		Buntsandstein				251.902
				Changhsingian	Waiitian						253.2
				Wuchiapingian	Waiitian						254.14
				Wuchiapingian	Puruhauan						254.2
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Ohre/Aller	Aparima		Flettian				259.51
			Wordian	Leine			Flettian				264.28
			Wordian	Leine			Barettian				266
			Roadian								266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian								273.01
			Kungurian				Mangapirian				276
			Artinskian				Mangapirian				283.5
							Telfordian				285
											288.5
			Sakmarian								290.1
			Asselian								293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
			Kasimovian								303.7
			Moscovian								307
			Bashkirian								315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian								323.2
			Visean								330.9
			Tournaisian								346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			Gleedonian					427.4
			Homerian			Whitwellian					429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian								430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
			Aeronian								438.5
			Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
			Katian								445.2
			Sandbian								453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian								470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian								477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
			Jiangshanian								489.5
			Paibian								494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						497
			Drumian						500.5
			Wuliuan					504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4					509
		Series 2	Stage 3					514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian								635
		Tonian								720
		Tonian							Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian							Karatau	1000
		Stenian							Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian							Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian							Burzyan	1375
														1400