International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Permian Subages of Germany | Cretaceous Subepochs | Central Paratethys Stages | Cambrian of Britain | North American Land Mammal Ages | Silurian of the Baltic | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | Saintaugustinean | 0 | ||||||
Santarosean | 0.0004 | |||||||||
Northgrippian | 0.0042 | |||||||||
Greenlandian | 0.0082 | |||||||||
Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | 0.0117 | ||||||||
Rancholabrean | 0.014 | |||||||||
Chibanian | 0.129 | |||||||||
Irvingtonian | 0.21 | |||||||||
Calabrian | 0.774 | |||||||||
Blancan | 1.4 | |||||||||
Gelasian | 1.8 | |||||||||
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | 2.58 | |||||||
Zanclean | 3.6 | |||||||||
Hemphillian | 4.7 | |||||||||
Miocene | Messinian | 5.333 | ||||||||
Tortonian | Pannonian | 7.246 | ||||||||
Clarendonian | 9.4 | |||||||||
Serravallian | Sarmatian | 11.63 | ||||||||
Barstovian | 12.5 | |||||||||
Badenian | 12.8 * | |||||||||
Langhian | 13.82 | |||||||||
Burdigalian | 15.98 | |||||||||
Hemingfordian | 16.3 | |||||||||
Arikareean | 18.5 | |||||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | |||||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | 23.03 | |||||||
Rupelian | 27.82 | |||||||||
Whitneyan | 29.5 | |||||||||
Orellan | 31.8 | |||||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | Chadronian | 33.9 | |||||||
Duchesnean | 37 | |||||||||
Bartonian | 37.71 | |||||||||
Uintan | 39.7 | |||||||||
Lutetian | 41.2 | |||||||||
Bridgerian | 46.2 | |||||||||
Ypresian | 47.8 | |||||||||
Wasatchian | 50.5 | |||||||||
Clarkforkian | 54.9 | |||||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | 56 | ||||||||
Tiffanian | 56.2 | |||||||||
Selandian | 59.2 | |||||||||
Torrejonian | 60.9 | |||||||||
Danian | 61.6 | |||||||||
Puercan | 63.8 | |||||||||
Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | Senonian | 66 | ||||||
Campanian | 72.1 | |||||||||
Santonian | 83.6 | |||||||||
Coniacian | 86.3 | |||||||||
Turonian | 89.8 | |||||||||
Cenomanian | 93.9 | |||||||||
Early Cretaceous | Albian | Gallic | 100.5 | |||||||
Aptian | 113 | |||||||||
Barremian | 121.4 | |||||||||
Hauterivian | Neocomian | 125.77 | ||||||||
Valanginian | 132.6 | |||||||||
Berriasian | 139.8 | |||||||||
Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | 145 | |||||||
Kimmeridgian | 149.2 | |||||||||
Oxfordian | 154.8 | |||||||||
Middle Jurassic | Callovian | 161.5 | ||||||||
Bathonian | 165.3 | |||||||||
Bajocian | 168.2 | |||||||||
Aalenian | 170.9 | |||||||||
Early Jurassic | Toarcian | 174.7 | ||||||||
Pliensbachian | 184.2 | |||||||||
Sinemurian | 192.9 | |||||||||
Hettangian | 199.5 | |||||||||
Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | 201.4 | |||||||
Norian | 208.5 | |||||||||
Carnian | 227 | |||||||||
Middle Triassic | Ladinian | 237 | ||||||||
Anisian | 242 | |||||||||
Early Triassic | Olenekian | 247.2 | ||||||||
Induan | 251.2 | |||||||||
Permian | Lopingian | Changhsingian | Buntsandstein | 251.902 | ||||||
Wuchiapingian | 254.14 | |||||||||
Guadalupian | Capitanian | Ohre/Aller | 259.51 | |||||||
Wordian | Leine | 264.28 | ||||||||
Roadian | 266.9 | |||||||||
Cisuralian | Kungurian | 273.01 | ||||||||
Artinskian | 283.5 | |||||||||
Sakmarian | 290.1 | |||||||||
Asselian | 293.52 | |||||||||
Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | 298.9 | |||||||
Kasimovian | 303.7 | |||||||||
Moscovian | 307 | |||||||||
Bashkirian | 315.2 | |||||||||
Mississippian | Serpukhovian | 323.2 | ||||||||
Visean | 330.9 | |||||||||
Tournaisian | 346.7 | |||||||||
Devonian | Late Devonian | Famennian | 358.9 | |||||||
Frasnian | 372.2 | |||||||||
Middle Devonian | Givetian | 382.7 | ||||||||
Eifelian | 387.7 | |||||||||
Early Devonian | Emsian | 393.3 | ||||||||
Pragian | 407.6 | |||||||||
Lochkovian | 410.8 | |||||||||
Silurian | Pridoli | Ohesaare | 419.2 | |||||||
Kaugetuma | 421.7 * | |||||||||
Ludlow | Ludfordian | Kuressaare | 423 | |||||||
Paadla | 423.4 * | |||||||||
Gorstian | 425.6 | |||||||||
Wenlock | Homerian | Rootsikula | 427.4 | |||||||
Jaagarahu | 429.2 * | |||||||||
Sheinwoodian | 430.5 | |||||||||
Jaani | 431.8 * | |||||||||
Llandovery | Telychian | 433.4 | ||||||||
Adavere | 434 * | |||||||||
Aeronian | 438.5 | |||||||||
Raikkula | 439.4 * | |||||||||
Rhuddanian | 440.8 | |||||||||
Juuru | 441.4 * | |||||||||
Ordovician | Late Ordovician | Hirnantian | 443.8 | |||||||
Katian | 445.2 | |||||||||
Sandbian | 453 | |||||||||
Middle Ordovician | Darriwilian | 458.4 | ||||||||
Dapingian | 467.3 | |||||||||
Early Ordovician | Floian | 470 | ||||||||
Tremadocian | 477.7 | |||||||||
Cambrian | Furongian | Stage 10 | Merioneth | Dolgellian/Trempealeauan | 485.4 | |||||
Festiniogian | 489.2 * | |||||||||
Jiangshanian | 489.5 | |||||||||
Maentwrogian | 493.1 * | |||||||||
Paibian | 494 | |||||||||
Miaolingian | Guzhangian | St Davids | 497 | |||||||
Drumian | 500.5 | |||||||||
Wuliuan | 504.5 | |||||||||
Series 2 | Stage 4 | Caerfai | 509 | |||||||
Stage 3 | 514 | |||||||||
Terreneuvian | Stage 2 | 521 | ||||||||
Fortunian | 529 | |||||||||
538.8 |