PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128010 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian Subages of Germany	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Carboniferous of North America	Ordovician of North America						Permian of China	Carboniferous of China	Permian of the Salt Range	Cambrian of North America
Triassic	Early Triassic	Induan												Kathwai			251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Buntsandstein									Meishanian		Kathwai			251.902
																	252.4 *
														Chhidru			252.9 *
												Baoqingian					253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian										Laoshanian					254.14
														Kalabagh			255 *
														Wargal			256 *
												Laibinian					257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Ohre/Aller									Lengwuan					259.51
		Wordian	Leine									Kuhfengian					264.28
																	265.3 *
														Amb			266.1 *
		Roadian												Amb			266.9
		Roadian															270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian										Luodianian					273.01
		Artinskian										Luodianian					283.5
		Artinskian										Longlinian					285.4 *
		Sakmarian										Longlinian					290.1
		Asselian			Bursumian †							Zisongian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Virgilian												298.9
													Xiaodushanian				300 *
																	300.1
		Kasimovian			Missourian												303.7
					Missourian								Dalaun				305.8 *
					Desmoinesian												305.9 *
		Moscovian			Desmoinesian												307
		Moscovian			Atokan												312.7 *
		Bashkirian			Atokan												315.2
					Morrowan												318.4 *
													Huashibanian				318.5 *
													Lousuan				321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Chesterian								Dewunian				323.2
		Serpukhovian											Shangsian				330.8 *
		Visean											Shangsian				330.9
													Jiusian				335 *
					Meramecian												335.8 *
					Osagean												343.1 *
		Tournaisian			Osagean								Tangbagouan				346.7
		Tournaisian			Kinderhookian								Tangbagouan				351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian															358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian															372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian															382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian															387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian															393.3
		Pragian															407.6
		Lochkovian															410.8
Silurian	Pridoli																419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian															423
	Ludlow	Gorstian															425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian															427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian															430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian															433.4
		Aeronian															438.5
		Rhuddanian															440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Cincinnatian	Gamachian										443.8
		Katian					Gamachian										445.2
							Richmondian										446 *
							Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian									449.8 *
							Edenian										450.4 *
						Mohawkian	Chatfieldian										451.1 *
		Sandbian					Chatfieldian										453
							Turinian										453.7 *
						Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor								457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
		Dapingian		467.3
		Dapingian		Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Ibexian		Blackhillsian	Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
		Floian				Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian				Tulean				Ungurian	477.7
						Stairsian					480.3 *
						Skullrockian			Demingian †		482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Skullrockian	Batyrbaian				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan				485.4
		Stage 10													Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian														489.5
							Aksaian									490.7 *
							Sakian									492.2 *
			Steptoean												493 *
		Paibian	Steptoean											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian				Marjumian				Albertian †			497
		Guzhangian												499.5
		Drumian	Zhanaarykian											500.5
		Drumian	Tuesaian											503
		Wuliuan	Tuesaian				Topazan							504.5
							Topazan							505.3
							Delamaran							506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									Waucoban †	509
			Toyonian									510 *
			Toyonian				Dyeran					511 *
			Botomian									512.5 *
		Stage 3										514
							Montezuman					514.8 *
			Atdabanian				Montezuman					515.6 *
			Atdabanian				Begadean					519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian									521
		Stage 2										525.5
		Fortunian										529
																	538.8