PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127314 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian Subages of Germany	Ordovician of North America						Cenozoic Subepochs	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Devonian of Germany	Carboniferous of China	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Late Pleistocene					Nihewanian			0.0117
		Chibanian								Middle Pleistocene								0.129
		Calabrian								Early Pleistocene								0.774
		Gelasian								Early Pleistocene								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Late Pliocene					Yushean	Tertiary †		2.58
		Zanclean								Early Pliocene					Yushean			3.6
		Zanclean								Early Pliocene					Baodean			4.9
	Miocene	Messinian								Late Miocene								5.333
		Tortonian																7.246
		Tortonian													Tunggurian			11.1
		Serravallian								Middle Miocene					Tunggurian			11.63
		Langhian								Middle Miocene					Shanwangian			13.82
		Burdigalian								Early Miocene					Shanwangian			15.98
		Burdigalian													Xiejiaan			16.9
		Aquitanian													Xiejiaan			20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Late Oligocene								23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian								Early Oligocene								27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian								Late Eocene								33.9
		Bartonian								Middle Eocene								37.71
		Lutetian								Middle Eocene								41.2
		Ypresian								Early Eocene								47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Late Paleocene								56
		Selandian								Middle Paleocene								59.2
		Danian								Early Paleocene								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
		Campanian																72.1
		Santonian																83.6
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
		Cenomanian																93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
		Aptian																113
		Barremian																121.4
		Hauterivian																125.77
		Valanginian																132.6
		Berriasian																139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
		Kimmeridgian																149.2
		Oxfordian																154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
		Bathonian																165.3
		Bajocian									Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites							168.2
		Bajocian										Humphresianum						168.4
		Aalenian									Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense						174.7
											Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons							180.1
											Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum							182
		Pliensbachian									Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni							184.2
		Sinemurian									Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi							192.9
		Hettangian									Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
		Norian																208.5
		Carnian																227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Buntsandstein															251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Buntsandstein														Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Ohre/Aller															259.51
		Wordian	Leine															264.28
		Roadian																266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																273.01
		Artinskian																283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
		Gzhelian		Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian		Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian		Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
				Huashibanian	318.5 *
				Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian		Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean		Shangsian	330.9
		Visean		Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian		Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Adorf		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		Siegen		407.6
		Lochkovian		Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian					Gamachian	445.2
							Richmondian	446 *
							Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
							Edenian		450.4 *
						Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
		Sandbian					Chatfieldian		453
							Turinian		453.7 *
						Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
		Dapingian								467.3
		Dapingian					Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †			470
		Floian					Tulean						473.9 *
		Tremadocian					Tulean						Ungurian	477.7
							Stairsian					480.3 *
							Skullrockian			Demingian †		482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Skullrockian					Batyrbaian	485.4
		Stage 10											487.5
		Jiangshanian											489.5
											Aksaian	490.7 *
											Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian									Sakian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Series 3 †	Ayusokkanian	497
		Guzhangian											499.5
		Drumian										Zhanaarykian	500.5
		Drumian										Tuesaian	503
		Wuliuan										Tuesaian	Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan											Stage 5 †	505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4												509
												Toyonian		510 *
			Botomian									512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian									514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian									515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian									521
																		525.5