PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian Subages of Germany	Ordovician of China			Cretaceous Subepochs	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Pamirs	Central Paratethys Stages	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											0
				Northgrippian											0.0042
				Greenlandian											0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
				Chibanian											0.129
				Calabrian											0.774
				Gelasian											1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Tertiary †	2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
			Miocene	Messinian											5.333
				Tortonian									Pannonian		7.246
				Serravallian									Sarmatian		11.63
				Serravallian									Badenian		12.8 *
				Langhian											13.82
				Burdigalian											15.98
				Aquitanian											20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
				Bartonian											37.71
				Lutetian											41.2
				Ypresian											47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian											56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Senonian						66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian					Gallic						100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian					Neocomian						125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Oteke	Puaroan				145
				Kimmeridgian						Oteke	Puaroan				149.2
										Kawhia	Ohauan				150
											Heterian				154.5
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Callovian							Temaikan				164.3
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Toarcian						Herangi	Ururoan				176
				Pliensbachian							Ururoan				184.2
				Pliensbachian							Aratauran				188.9
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						Balfour	Otapirian				201.4
				Norian							Warepan				208.5
											Otamitan				217
											Oretian				221
				Carnian							Oretian				227
				Carnian						Gore	Kaihikuan				227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian							Kaihikuan				237
				Ladinian							Etalian				238
				Anisian							Etalian				242
				Anisian							Malakovian				246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian							Malakovian				247.2
Nelsonian				Olenekian	249
Nelsonian				Induan	251.2
DUrville				Induan	Makarewan	251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Makarewan	Buntsandstein	Dorashamian	251.902
				Changhsingian	Waiitian		Dorashamian	253.2
				Wuchiapingian	Waiitian		Dzhulfian	Longtanian †		254.14
				Wuchiapingian	Puruhauan		Dzhulfian	Longtanian †		254.2
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Ohre/Aller	Aparima	Flettian	Midian			259.51
			Wordian	Leine		Flettian				264.28
						Barettian				266
							Murgabian			266.2 *
			Roadian				Murgabian			266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian				Kubergandian			273.01
						Mangapirian	Kubergandian			276
							Bolorian			279.8
			Artinskian							283.5
						Telfordian				285
						Telfordian	Yakhtashian			286
							Yakhtashian			288.5
			Sakmarian				Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian				Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
			Kasimovian							303.7
			Moscovian							307
			Bashkirian							315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
			Visean							330.9
			Tournaisian							346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
			Pragian							407.6
			Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian		Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
			Katian						Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
			Katian						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
			Sandbian						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
			Darriwilian						Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
			Dapingian						Dapingian			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian						Yiyangian			470
			Tremadocian						Xinchangian			477.7
			Tremadocian						Xinchangian		Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10									485.4
			Jiangshanian									489.5
			Paibian									494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Series 3 †	497
			Drumian										500.5
			Wuliuan					Stage 5 †					504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4										509
		Series 2	Stage 3										514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian												1000
		Ectasian												1200
		Calymmian												1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian												1600
		Orosirian												1800
		Rhyacian												2050
		Siderian												2300
Archean	Neoarchean													2500
	Mesoarchean													2800
	Paleoarchean			3200
	Eoarchean			3600
Hadean				4000
															4600