PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian Subages of Germany	Silurian Ages of Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units		Silurian of England		Ordovician of Australia	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Cambrian Epochs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Tertiary †								2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
			Miocene	Messinian											5.333
				Tortonian											7.246
				Serravallian											11.63
				Langhian											13.82
				Burdigalian											15.98
				Aquitanian											20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
				Bartonian											37.71
				Lutetian											41.2
				Ypresian											47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian											56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian								Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites			168.2
				Bajocian									Humphresianum		168.4
				Aalenian								Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum			170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian								Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense		174.7
												Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons			180.1
												Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum			182
				Pliensbachian								Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni			184.2
				Sinemurian								Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi			192.9
				Hettangian								Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis			199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Buntsandstein										251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Buntsandstein			Longtanian †							254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Ohre/Aller										259.51
				Wordian	Leine										264.28
				Roadian											266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
				Artinskian											283.5
				Sakmarian											290.1
				Asselian											293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian											298.9
				Kasimovian											303.7
				Moscovian											307
				Bashkirian											315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian											323.2
Visean				330.9
Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian	Siegen		407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle		Whitcliffe/Leintwardine			419.2
		Pridoli		Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle		Bringewood/Elton			421.3
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	Coalbrookdale		Wenlock (England)/Tickwood			423
			Gorstian						425.6
			Gorstian			Buildwas			426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian			Buildwas			Gleedonian	427.4
				Wych		Woolhope			Gleedonian	428.4 *
									Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Telychian						436.3 *
			Aeronian						438.5
			Aeronian	Cowleigh Park					439.3 *
			Rhuddanian	Cowleigh Park					440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Bolindian	443.8
			Katian						Bolindian	445.2
									Eastonian	449 *
									Gisbornian	452 *
			Sandbian						Gisbornian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Darriwilian	458.4
			Dapingian						Yapeenian	467.3
			Dapingian						Castlemainian	468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian						Chewtonian	470
									Bendigonian	471.8 *
									Lancefieldian	473.5 *
			Tremadocian						Lancefieldian	477.7
			Tremadocian						Warendian	482.8 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10							Late Cambrian	485.4
			Jiangshanian								489.5
			Paibian								494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †	Middle Cambrian		497
			Drumian										500.5
			Wuliuan					Stage 5 †					504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4								Early Cambrian		509
		Series 2	Stage 3									514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian											Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian											Karatau	1000
		Stenian											Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian											Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian											Burzyan	1375
															1400