PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian Subages of Germany	Silurian of the Baltic	Carboniferous Subepochs	Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Nihewanian	0.0117
		Chibanian					0.129
		Calabrian					0.774
		Gelasian					1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Yushean	2.58
		Zanclean				Yushean	3.6
		Zanclean				Baodean	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian					5.333
		Tortonian					7.246
		Tortonian				Tunggurian	11.1
		Serravallian				Tunggurian	11.63
		Langhian				Shanwangian	13.82
		Burdigalian				Shanwangian	15.98
		Burdigalian				Xiejiaan	16.9
		Aquitanian				Xiejiaan	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian					33.9
		Bartonian					37.71
		Lutetian					41.2
		Ypresian					47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian					56
		Selandian					59.2
		Danian					61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					66
		Campanian					72.1
		Santonian					83.6
		Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian					89.8
		Cenomanian					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					100.5
		Aptian					113
		Barremian					121.4
		Hauterivian					125.77
		Valanginian					132.6
		Berriasian					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					145
		Kimmeridgian					149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian					168.2
		Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					174.7
		Pliensbachian					184.2
		Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
		Norian					208.5
		Carnian					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Buntsandstein				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Buntsandstein				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Ohre/Aller				259.51
		Wordian	Leine				264.28
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Late Pennsylvanian		298.9
		Kasimovian		303.7	Late Pennsylvanian
		Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean		Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian		Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli				Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian			Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian			Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian			Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian			Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani	433.4
		Telychian			Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian			Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian			Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian			Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian			Juuru	441.4 *
							443.8