PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian Subages of Germany	Devonian of Eastern North America		Permian of North America		Silurian of England		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Buntsandstein											251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Buntsandstein											254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Ohre/Aller			Capitanian								259.51
		Wordian	Leine			Wordian								264.28
		Roadian				Roadian								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Leonardian	Cathedralian							273.01
		Kungurian					Hessian							281.9 *
		Artinskian					Hessian							283.5
		Artinskian				Wolfcampian	Lenoxian							286.1 *
		Sakmarian					Lenoxian							290.1
		Asselian					Nealian							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian												298.9
		Kasimovian												303.7
		Moscovian												307
		Bashkirian												315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian												323.2
		Visean												330.9
		Tournaisian												346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway										358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		West Fallsian/Sonyean										372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian									382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Southwoodian	Cazenovian									387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian									393.3
		Pragian												407.6
		Lochkovian												410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine					419.2
	Pridoli							Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton					421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood					423
		Gorstian												425.6
		Gorstian							Buildwas					426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian							Buildwas					427.4
		Homerian						Wych	Woolhope					428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian												430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian												433.4
		Telychian												436.3 *
		Aeronian												438.5
		Aeronian						Cowleigh Park						439.3 *
		Rhuddanian						Cowleigh Park						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Kosovian				443.8
		Katian								Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †			445.2
		Katian								Berounian				449.7 *
		Sandbian												453
												Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
											Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian												458.4
										Dobrotivian				458.5 *
										Oretanian				459.7 *
											Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian									Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian								Arenigian				468
	Early Ordovician	Floian								Arenigian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian								Tremadocian				477.7
														485.4