PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian Subages of Germany	Carboniferous of North America	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Permian of China	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Precambrian of Russia	Permian of Western Europe	Carboniferous of Western Europe
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										0
				Northgrippian										0.0042
				Greenlandian										0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
				Chibanian										0.129
				Calabrian										0.774
				Gelasian										1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
			Miocene	Messinian										5.333
				Tortonian										7.246
				Serravallian										11.63
				Langhian										13.82
				Burdigalian										15.98
				Aquitanian										20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian						23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian			Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian						27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian			Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian							33.9
				Bartonian			Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan							37.71
				Lutetian										41.2
				Ypresian				Bumbanian						47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Gashatan							56
				Selandian										59.2
				Danian										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Pliensbachian										184.2
				Sinemurian										192.9
				Hettangian										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
				Norian										208.5
				Carnian										227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Buntsandstein				Meishanian	Melekhovian				251.902
				Changhsingian					Baoqingian					253.4 *
				Wuchiapingian					Laoshanian			Zechstein		254.14
				Wuchiapingian					Laibinian			Zechstein		257.7 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Ohre/Aller				Lengwuan			Rotliegendes		259.51
				Wordian	Leine				Kuhfengian					264.28
				Wordian	Leine					Noginskian				264.9 *
				Roadian										266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian					Luodianian					273.01
				Kungurian						Pavlovoposadian				276.8 *
Artinskian				Autunian		283.5
						Longlinian			285.4 *
									Rusavkinian	287.6 *
Sakmarian										290.1
Asselian						Bursumian †				Zisongian	293.52
Asselian						Bursumian †					Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Virgilian								298.9
												300.1
											Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
												Stephanian B	300.9 *
												Stephanian A	301.4 *
			Kasimovian	Missourian					Dorogomilovian				303.7
									Khamovnikian				304.8
									Khamovnikian			Cantabrian	305 *
									Krevyakinian				305.8 *
				Desmoinesian					Krevyakinian				305.9 *
			Moscovian						Myachkovian				307
									Myachkovian		Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
									Podolskian			Westphalian D	308.9 *
									Podolskian			Westphalian C	309.8
									Kashirian				311.4 *
				Atokan				312.7 *	Kashirian
							Vereian	313.8
							Vereian	Westphalian B	314.6
							Melekessian		314.8
			Bashkirian				Melekessian		315.2
							Cheremshanian		316.9 *
								Westphalian A	317 *
				Morrowan					318.4 *
							Prikamian		318.6 *
							Prikamian	Namurian	Yeadonian		318.8 *
							Severokeltmian		Yeadonian		319.9 *
							Severokeltmian		Marsdenian		320.2 *
							Krasnopolyanian		Marsdenian		321.2 *
							Krasnopolyanian		Kinderscoutian		321.5 *
							Voznesenian		Kinderscoutian		321.9 *
									Alportian		322 *
									Chokierian		323.1 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian			Zapaltjubian		Chokierian		323.2
							Zapaltjubian		Arnsbergian		324 *
							Protvian				324.4 *
							Steshevian				326.8 *
							Steshevian		Pendleian		327.4 *
							Tarusian		Pendleian		329 *
			Visean				Venevian	Warnantian	Brigantian †		330.9
							Mikhailovian				331.9 *
							Aleksinian				333.7 *
				Meramecian			Tulian				335.8 *
							Tulian	Livian	Asbian †		336.3 *
							Bobrikian	Livian	Asbian †		339.9 *
								Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
				Osagean							343.1 *
							Radaevkian				343.4 *
			Tournaisian				Kosvian	Ivorian			346.7
	Kizelian						350.7 *
	Kinderhookian			Cherepetian			351.9 *
				Cherepetian			Hastarian	353.7 *
				Karakubian				354.4 *
				Upinian				356.3 *
				Malevkian				357.6 *
				Gumerovian				358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				485.4
		Jiangshanian				489.5
		Paibian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				497
		Drumian				500.5
		Wuliuan				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				509
	Series 2	Stage 3				514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian		538.8
		Cryogenian								635
		Tonian								720
		Tonian						Karatau		800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian						Karatau		1000
		Stenian						Yurmatian		1100
		Ectasian						Yurmatian		1200
		Ectasian						Burzyan		1375
		Calymmian								1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian								1600
		Orosirian								1800
		Rhyacian								2050
		Siderian								2300
Archean	Neoarchean									2500
	Mesoarchean									2800
	Paleoarchean									3200
	Eoarchean									3600
Hadean										4000
														4600