PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian Subages of Germany	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Silurian of North America			Devonian of France	Ten Million Year Bins	Cenozoic Subepochs	Carboniferous of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Cenozoic 6			0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Late Pleistocene		0.0117
		Chibanian								Middle Pleistocene		0.129
		Calabrian								Early Pleistocene		0.774
		Gelasian								Early Pleistocene		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Late Pliocene		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean								Early Pliocene		3.6
	Miocene	Messinian								Late Miocene		5.333
		Tortonian								Late Miocene		7.246
		Serravallian							Cenozoic 5	Middle Miocene		11.63
		Langhian								Middle Miocene		13.82
		Burdigalian								Early Miocene		15.98
		Aquitanian								Early Miocene		20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Cenozoic 4	Late Oligocene		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian							Cenozoic 4	Early Oligocene		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian							Cenozoic 3	Late Eocene		33.9
		Bartonian							Cenozoic 3	Middle Eocene		37.71
		Lutetian							Cenozoic 2	Middle Eocene		41.2
		Ypresian							Cenozoic 2	Early Eocene		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Cenozoic 1	Late Paleocene		56
		Selandian								Middle Paleocene		59.2
		Danian								Early Paleocene		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Cretaceous 8			66
		Campanian							Cretaceous 7			72.1
		Santonian							Cretaceous 6			83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian							Cretaceous 5			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							Cretaceous 4			100.5
		Aptian							Cretaceous 3			113
		Barremian							Cretaceous 2			121.4
		Hauterivian							Cretaceous 2			125.77
		Valanginian							Cretaceous 1			132.6
		Berriasian							Cretaceous 1			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Jurassic 6			145
		Kimmeridgian							Jurassic 5			149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian							Jurassic 4			165.3
		Bajocian							Jurassic 4			168.2
		Aalenian							Jurassic 3			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							Jurassic 3			174.7
		Pliensbachian							Jurassic 2			184.2
		Sinemurian							Jurassic 1			192.9
		Hettangian							Jurassic 1			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							Triassic 4			201.4
		Norian							Triassic 4			208.5
		Carnian							Triassic 3			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian							Triassic 2			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian							Triassic 2			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian							Triassic 1			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan							Triassic 1			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Buntsandstein						Permian 4			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Buntsandstein									254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Ohre/Aller									259.51
		Wordian	Leine									264.28
		Roadian							Permian 3			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							Permian 2			273.01
		Artinskian										283.5
		Sakmarian										290.1
		Asselian							Permian 1			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Mapingian †					Carboniferous 5			298.9
		Gzhelian			Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian			Xiaodushanian	303.7
					Dalaun	305.8 *
						305.9
		Moscovian				Carboniferous 4	307
		Bashkirian					315.2
					Huashibanian		318.5 *
					Lousuan		321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Carboniferous 3	Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian			Carboniferous 3	Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean			Carboniferous 2	Shangsian	330.9
		Visean			Carboniferous 2	Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian			Carboniferous 1	Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Famennian	Devonian 5		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Frasnian	Devonian 4		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian	Devonian 3		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Couvinien	Devonian 3		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Devonian 2		393.3
		Pragian				Devonian 1		407.6
		Pragian			Coblencien			408.2 *
		Lochkovian			Gedinnine			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Cayugan			Silurian 2	419.2
	Pridoli				Niagaran				422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						Ontarian	Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
										Alexandrian	438.7 *
					Medinan			Clinton			440.1 *
											440.7 *
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian								Ordovician 5	445.2
		Sandbian								Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								Ordovician 3	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian								Ordovician 2	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian								Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Cambrian 5	485.4
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Cambrian 4	497
		Drumian								Cambrian 4	500.5
		Wuliuan								Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Cambrian 3	509
	Series 2	Stage 3								Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								Cambrian 1	529
												538.8