PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian Subages of Germany	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Mesozoic Subages		Cambrian of Siberia			Precambrian of Russia	Silurian Ages of Europe	Devonian of Germany
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian								66
				Campanian			Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian								72.1
				Santonian			Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian								83.6
				Coniacian			Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian								86.3
				Turonian			Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian								89.8
				Cenomanian			Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian								93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian			Late Albian								100.5
							Middle Albian								106.2 *
							Early Albian								109.9 *
				Aptian			Late Aptian								113
				Aptian			Early Aptian								119.5 *
				Barremian			Late Barremian/Early Barremian								121.4
				Hauterivian			Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian								125.77
				Valanginian			Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian								132.6
				Berriasian			Late Berriasian								139.8
							Middle Berriasian								140.6 *
							Early Berriasian								142.7 *
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian							145
				Tithonian			Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian							146.3 *
				Kimmeridgian			Late Kimmeridgian								149.2
				Kimmeridgian			Early Kimmeridgian								152.2 *
				Oxfordian			Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian							154.8
				Oxfordian				Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian							157.9 *
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian			Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian								161.5
				Bathonian			Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian								165.3
				Bajocian			Late Bajocian								168.2
				Bajocian			Early Bajocian								168.6 *
				Aalenian			Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian								170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Late Toarcian								174.7
							Middle Toarcian								180.4 *
							Early Toarcian								182.9 *
				Pliensbachian			Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian								184.2
				Sinemurian			Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian								192.9
				Hettangian			Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian								199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian			Sevatian								208.5
							Alaunian								213.2 *
							Lacian								216.7 *
				Carnian			Tuvalian								227
				Carnian			Julian								233.4 *
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Longobardian								237
				Ladinian			Fassanian								239.7 *
				Anisian			Illyrian								242
							Pelsonian								243.8 *
							Bithynian								244.7 *
							Aegean								245.5 *
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		Vokhmian	Spathian								247.2
				Olenekian			Smithian								248.9 *
				Induan			Dienerian								251.2
				Induan			Griesbachian								251.4 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Buntsandstein										251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Buntsandstein	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian									254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Ohre/Aller	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian									259.51
				Wordian	Leine	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian									264.28
				Roadian		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian									266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
				Artinskian											283.5
				Sakmarian											290.1
				Asselian											293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian											298.9
				Kasimovian											303.7
				Moscovian											307
				Bashkirian											315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian											323.2
Visean				330.9
Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian	Siegen					407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine					410.8
Silurian		Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian						Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
			Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
			Katian							445.2
			Sandbian							453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian					470
			Tremadocian					477.7
			Tremadocian					Mansian †		483.55 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10					Batyrbaian		Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
			Jiangshanian					Batyrbaian				489.5
								Aksaian				490.7 *
								Sakian				492.2 *
			Paibian									494
			Paibian								Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Ayusokkanian				497
			Guzhangian					Mayan/Menevian				499.5
			Drumian					Mayan/Menevian				500.5
			Wuliuan					Amgan/Solvan				504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4					Amgan/Solvan				509
								Toyonian		Lenian †		510 *
								Botomian				512.5 *
			Stage 3					Botomian				514
			Stage 3					Atdabanian				515.6 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Tommotian				521
			Stage 2					Nemakit-Daldynian				525.5
			Fortunian					Nemakit-Daldynian		Manykaian †		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian											Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian											Karatau	1000
		Stenian											Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian					1200						Yurmatian
		Ectasian					Burzyan						1375
															1400