PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian Subages of Germany	Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of the Baltic				Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Devonian of France	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of Siberia			Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Late Pleistocene					0.0117
				Chibanian									Middle Pleistocene					0.129
				Calabrian									Early Pleistocene					0.774
				Gelasian									Early Pleistocene					1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Late Pliocene					2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean									Early Pliocene					3.6
			Miocene	Messinian									Late Miocene					5.333
				Tortonian									Late Miocene					7.246
				Serravallian									Middle Miocene					11.63
				Langhian									Middle Miocene					13.82
				Burdigalian									Early Miocene					15.98
				Aquitanian									Early Miocene					20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Late Oligocene					23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian									Early Oligocene					27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian									Late Eocene					33.9
				Bartonian									Middle Eocene					37.71
				Lutetian									Middle Eocene					41.2
				Ypresian									Early Eocene					47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian									Late Paleocene					56
				Selandian									Middle Paleocene					59.2
				Danian									Early Paleocene					61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
				Kimmeridgian														149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Pliensbachian														184.2
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
				Norian														208.5
				Carnian														227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Buntsandstein	Dorashamian												251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Buntsandstein	Dzhulfian												254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Ohre/Aller	Midian												259.51
				Wordian	Leine	Midian												264.28
				Wordian	Leine	Murgabian												266.2 *
				Roadian		Murgabian												266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kubergandian												273.01
				Kungurian		Bolorian												279.8
				Artinskian		Bolorian												283.5
				Artinskian		Yakhtashian												286
				Sakmarian		Sakmarian												290.1
				Asselian		Asselian												293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian														298.9
Kasimovian				303.7
Moscovian				307
Bashkirian				315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Frasnian			Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Srbsko			Givetian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Chotec			Couvinien	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian				Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	Pragian				Siegen	407.6
			Pragian	Pragian			Coblencien	Siegen	408.2 *
			Lochkovian	Lochkovian			Gedinnine	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian						Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
			Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian								Pirgu	445.2
											Vormsi	449.6 *
											Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
										Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
											Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian								Keila	Idavere †	453
											Haljala		453.9
											Kukruse		456.4 *
											Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								Uhaku		458.4
											Lasnamagi		458.9 *
											Aseri		460.4 *
										Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
											Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
											Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian								Volkhov			467.3
			Dapingian								Billingen			469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian											470
												Latorp †		470.1 *
											Hunneberg			473.7 *
			Tremadocian								Hunneberg			477.7
											Varangu			481.3 *
											Pakerort			482.2 *
														Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10											Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
																	486.3 *
																	486.5
	Jiangshanian		489.5
			Aksaian											490.7 *
			Sakian											492.2 *
	Paibian													494
	Paibian													Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian												497
		Guzhangian	Mayan/Menevian												499.5
		Drumian	Mayan/Menevian												500.5
		Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan												504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Amgan/Solvan												509
			Toyonian		Lenian †										510 *
			Botomian												512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian			514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian			521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian		Manykaian †	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian															635
		Tonian															720
		Tonian														Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian														Karatau	1000
		Stenian														Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian														Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian														Burzyan	1375
																		1400