PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127682 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian Subages of Germany	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Permian of China	Carboniferous Subepochs	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Ordovician of the Baltic
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Lancian/Edmontonian									66
				Campanian		Judithian/Aquilan									72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Pliensbachian											184.2
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian						Vokhmian					247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan						Vokhmian					251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Buntsandstein		Meishanian		Melekhovian						251.902
				Changhsingian			Baoqingian								253.4 *
				Wuchiapingian			Laoshanian			Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian					254.14
				Wuchiapingian			Laibinian			Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian					257.7 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Ohre/Aller		Lengwuan			Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian					259.51
				Wordian	Leine		Kuhfengian			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian					264.28
				Wordian	Leine				Noginskian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian					264.9 *
				Roadian						Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian					266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian			Luodianian								273.01
				Kungurian					Pavlovoposadian						276.8 *
				Artinskian											283.5
							Longlinian								285.4 *
									Rusavkinian						287.6 *
				Sakmarian											290.1
				Asselian			Zisongian								293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Zisongian	Late Pennsylvanian							298.9
				Gzhelian											300.1
				Kasimovian					Dorogomilovian						303.7
									Khamovnikian						304.8
									Krevyakinian						305.8 *
				Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian	Myachkovian						307
									Podolskian						308.9 *
									Kashirian						311.4 *
									Vereian						313.8
									Melekessian						314.8
				Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian	Melekessian						315.2
									Cheremshanian						316.9 *
									Prikamian						318.6 *
									Severokeltmian						319.9 *
									Krasnopolyanian						321.2 *
									Voznesenian						321.9 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Late Mississippian	Zapaltjubian						323.2
									Protvian						324.4 *
									Steshevian						326.8 *
Tarusian									329 *
Visean				Middle Mississippian				Venevian	330.9
						Mikhailovian		331.9 *
						Aleksinian		333.7 *
						Tulian		335.8 *
						Bobrikian		339.9 *
						Radaevkian		343.4 *
Tournaisian				Early Mississippian		Kosvian		346.7
						Kizelian		350.7 *
						Cherepetian		351.9 *
						Karakubian		354.4 *
						Upinian		356.3 *
						Malevkian		357.6 *
						Gumerovian		358 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian					Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					Emsian	393.3
			Pragian					Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian					Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						Gleedonian		427.4
			Homerian						Whitwellian		429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian								430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
			Aeronian								438.5
			Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Harju								Porkuni	443.8
		Katian									Pirgu	445.2
											Vormsi	449.6 *
											Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
			Viru								Rakvere		450.6 *
											Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian									Keila	Idavere †	453
					Haljala						453.9
					Kukruse					456.4 *
					Uhaku					Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Uhaku						458.4
					Lasnamagi						458.9 *
					Aseri						460.4 *
			Oeland		Kunda						462.9 *
					Kunda					Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
					Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian			Volkhov		467.3
		Dapingian			Billingen		469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
							Latorp †				470.1 *
					Hunneberg						473.7 *
		Tremadocian			Hunneberg						477.7
					Varangu						481.3 *
					Pakerort						482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Pakerort						485.4
											486.3 *
											486.5
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									497
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan									504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									509
	Series 2	Stage 3									514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian											Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian											Karatau	1000
		Stenian											Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian											Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian											Burzyan	1375
															1400