PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Britain			Silurian of England		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Wanganui	Haweran									0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Chibanian												0.129
		Chibanian			Castlecliffian									0.34
		Calabrian			Castlecliffian									0.774
		Calabrian			Nukumaruan									1.63
		Gelasian			Nukumaruan									1.8
		Gelasian			Mangapanian									2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Mangapanian									2.58
		Piacenzian			Waipipian									3
		Zanclean			Waipipian									3.6
		Zanclean			Opoitian									3.7
	Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean									5.333
		Messinian			Tongaporutuan									7.2
		Tortonian			Tongaporutuan									7.246
		Tortonian		Southland	Waiauan									11.04
		Serravallian			Waiauan									11.63
		Serravallian			Lillburnian									13.05
		Langhian			Lillburnian									13.82
					Clifdenian									15.1
				Pareora	Altonian									15.9
		Burdigalian			Altonian									15.98
		Burdigalian			Otaian									18.7
		Aquitanian			Otaian									20.44
		Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian									21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Waitakian									23.03
					Duntroonian									25.2
					Whaingaroan									27.3
		Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
				Arnold	Runangan									34.6
					Kaiatan									36.7
		Bartonian			Kaiatan									37.71
		Bartonian			Bortonian									39.1
		Lutetian			Bortonian									41.2
				Dannevirke	Porangan									42.6
					Heretaungan									45.7
		Ypresian			Heretaungan									47.8
					Mangaorapan									48.9
					Waipawan									52
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Teurian									56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian									66
		Campanian			Haumurian									72.1
		Santonian			Piripauan									83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan									86.1
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
					Mangaotanean									90.5
					Arowhanan									93.7
		Cenomanian			Arowhanan									93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian									95.2
					Motuan									99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan									100.5
					Urutawan									103.3
				Taitai	Korangan									108.4
		Aptian			Korangan									113
		Aptian												117.5
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Vokhmian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		Vokhmian		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		259.51
		Wordian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		264.28
		Roadian		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli					Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian						425.6
		Gorstian					Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian					Buildwas	427.4
		Homerian				Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Telychian						436.3 *
		Aeronian						438.5
		Aeronian				Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
		Rhuddanian				Cowleigh Park		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ashgill		Hirnantian	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian						Rawtheyan	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
								Cautleyan			448.9 *
								Pusgillian			449.3 *
						Caradoc		Streffordian			Onnian †	449.6 *
					Berounian			Streffordian	449.7 *
								Cheneyan	451.5 *
								Burrellian	452.7 *
		Sandbian							453
									Actonian †		453.2 *
			Marshbrookian †						Woolstonian †		454.2 *
			Longvillian †								455.2 *
											Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
								Aurelucian					456.8 *
			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian										457.4 *
			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian							Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn			Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn							458.4
					Dobrotivian								458.5 *
					Oretanian								459.7 *
						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn							461.3 *
										Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian								Klabava †			467.3
					Arenigian								468
			Arenig			Fennian							468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Fennian							470
						Whitlandian							471.1 *
						Moridunian							474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc		Migneintian	Tremadocian							477.7
			Tremadoc		Cressagian								480.8 *
													485 *
														485.4