PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Devonian Subages	Cambrian of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											0
				Northgrippian											0.0042
				Greenlandian											0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
				Chibanian											0.129
				Calabrian											0.774
				Gelasian											1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Tertiary †					2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
			Miocene	Messinian											5.333
				Tortonian											7.246
				Serravallian											11.63
				Langhian											13.82
				Burdigalian											15.98
				Aquitanian											20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
				Bartonian											37.71
				Lutetian											41.2
				Ypresian											47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian											56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Pliensbachian											184.2
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian	Vokhmian										247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan	Vokhmian										251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											251.902
				Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian				Zechstein		Longtanian †				254.14
				Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		Tatarian	Vyatkian	Zechstein		Longtanian †				256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian			Severodvinian	Rotliegendes						259.51
				Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian			Urzhumian							264.28
				Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		Kazanian	Povolzhian							266.9
				Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		Kazanian	Sokian							270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian							273.01
								Filipovian							276.5 *
								Saraninian							280.1 *
Artinskian				Artinskian		Sarginian	Autunian	283.5
						Irginian		285.9 *
						Burtsevian		287.8 *
Sakmarian				Sakmarian		Sterlitamakian		290.1
Sakmarian				Sakmarian		Tastubian		291.7 *
Asselian				Asselian		Shikhanian		293.52
						Uskalykian		294.8
						Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Late Pennsylvanian					298.9
			Kasimovian	Late Pennsylvanian					303.7
			Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian					307
			Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian					323.2
			Visean	Middle Mississippian					330.9
			Tournaisian	Early Mississippian					346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian						Late Famennian			358.9
									Middle Famennian			365.3 *
									Early Famennian			368.5 *
			Frasnian						Late Frasnian			372.2
									Middle Frasnian			375.4 *
									Early Frasnian			379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						Late Givetian			382.7
									Middle Givetian			383.7 *
									Early Givetian			385.9 *
			Eifelian						Late Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian						Early Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian						Late Emsian	393.3
			Emsian						Early Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian						Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian						Late Lochkovian	410.8
									Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
									Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
			Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
			Katian							445.2
			Sandbian							453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian							470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10							Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		485.4
			Stage 10									Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian									Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian									Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian									Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †		Marjumian	Albertian †	497
			Drumian									Marjumian		500.5
	Wuliuan		Stage 5 †								Topazan	504.5
	Wuliuan		Stage 5 †								Delamaran	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4									Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3									Dyeran		514
											Montezuman		514.8 *
											Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian												1000
		Ectasian												1200
		Calymmian												1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian												1600
		Orosirian												1800
		Rhyacian												2050
		Siderian				2300
Archean	Neoarchean					2500
	Mesoarchean					2800
	Paleoarchean					3200
	Eoarchean					3600
Hadean						4000
															4600