PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Ordovician of China			Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Permian of the Salt Range	Cretaceous Subepochs	Ordovician of Britain
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Senonian					66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									Gallic					100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian									Neocomian					125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
				Kimmeridgian														149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Pliensbachian														184.2
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
				Norian														208.5
				Carnian														227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian	Vokhmian													247.2
				Induan														251.2
				Induan								Kathwai						251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Kathwai						251.902
																		252.4 *
												Chhidru						252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian							Chhidru						254.14
												Kalabagh						255 *
												Wargal						256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian													259.51
				Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian													264.28
																		265.3 *
												Amb						266.1 *
				Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian							Amb						266.9
				Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian													270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian														273.01
				Artinskian														283.5
				Sakmarian														290.1
				Asselian														293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian														298.9
				Kasimovian														303.7
				Moscovian														307
				Bashkirian														315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian														323.2
				Visean														330.9
				Tournaisian														346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian														358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian														372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian							Srbsko							382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian							Chotec							387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian							Daleje/Zlichovian							393.3
				Pragian							Pragian							407.6
				Lochkovian							Lochkovian							410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli															419.2
			Ludlow	Ludfordian														423
			Ludlow	Gorstian														425.6
Wenlock			Homerian	427.4
Wenlock			Sheinwoodian	430.5
Llandovery			Telychian	433.4
			Aeronian	438.5
			Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Hirnantian		Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian	Chientangkiangian					Rawtheyan	445.2
									Cautleyan	448.9 *
									Pusgillian	449.3 *
				Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					Pusgillian	449.5
								Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †				449.6 *
									Cheneyan					451.5 *
									Burrellian				452.7 *
			Sandbian										453
										Actonian †			453.2 *
										Marshbrookian †			Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †				455.2 *
									Aurelucian	Longvillian †				456.8 *
									Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo		Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
						Guniu †/Hulo			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					461.3 *
						Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo							466.3 *
			Dapingian	Dapingian										467.3
			Dapingian	Dapingian				Arenig	Fennian					468.4 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian					Fennian					470
									Whitlandian					471.1 *
									Moridunian					474.3 *
			Tremadocian	Xinchangian				Tremadoc	Migneintian					477.7
							Lianghekou †		Migneintian					477.9 *
									Cressagian					480.8 *
														485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					485.4
		Jiangshanian					489.5
		Paibian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					497
		Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan					504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					509
	Series 2	Stage 3					514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Wonokan †			Vendian †	571.7 *
																		635