PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Silurian of North America			Devonian of France	Devonian of Eastern North America		Cambrian of North America
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Triassic	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Vokhmian											247.2
	Mesozoic	Triassic	Early Triassic	Induan	Vokhmian											251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian											254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian											259.51
				Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian											264.28
				Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian											266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian												273.01
				Artinskian												283.5
				Sakmarian												290.1
				Asselian												293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian												298.9
				Kasimovian												303.7
				Moscovian												307
				Bashkirian												315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian												323.2
				Visean												330.9
				Tournaisian												346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway				358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian							Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean				372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian							Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian			382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian							Couvinien	Southwoodian	Cazenovian			387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian								Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian			393.3
				Pragian												407.6
				Pragian							Coblencien					408.2 *
				Lochkovian							Gedinnine					410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli					Cayugan								419.2
			Pridoli					Niagaran								422.5 *
			Ludlow	Ludfordian												423
			Ludlow	Gorstian												425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian					Lockportian							427.4
			Wenlock	Sheinwoodian												430.5
			Llandovery	Telychian					Ontarian							433.4
				Aeronian												438.5
										Alexandrian						438.7 *
								Medinan	Clinton							440.1 *
																440.7 *
				Rhuddanian												440.8
		Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian												443.8
				Katian												445.2
				Sandbian												453
			Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian												458.4
			Middle Ordovician	Dapingian												467.3
			Early Ordovician	Floian												470
			Early Ordovician	Tremadocian												477.7
		Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10											Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
				Stage 10										Sunwaptan		487.5
				Jiangshanian										Sunwaptan		489.5
				Jiangshanian										Steptoean		493 *
				Paibian										Steptoean		494
			Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Marjumian	Albertian †	497
				Drumian										Marjumian		500.5
				Wuliuan										Topazan		504.5
				Wuliuan										Delamaran		506.5
			Series 2	Stage 4										Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
				Stage 4										Dyeran		511 *
				Stage 3										Dyeran		514
														Montezuman		514.8 *
														Begadean		519.9 *
			Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
			Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran				Vendian †	Poundian †									538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran				Vendian †	Wonokan †									571.7 *
																635