PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Precambrian of Russia	Silurian Ages of Europe	Silurian of North America			Devonian of Germany	European Faunal Units	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cambrian of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													Nihewanian		0.0117
				Chibanian															0.129
				Calabrian															0.774
				Gelasian															1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Villanyian					Yushean		2.58
				Piacenzian								Ruscinian							3.1 *
				Zanclean															3.6
				Zanclean													Baodean		4.9
			Miocene	Messinian								Turolian							5.333
				Tortonian								Turolian							7.246
												Vallesian							8.7
												Vallesian					Tunggurian		11.1
				Serravallian								Astaracian					Tunggurian		11.63
				Langhian								Astaracian					Shanwangian		13.82
				Burdigalian								Orleanian					Shanwangian		15.98
												Orleanian					Xiejiaan		16.9
												Agenian							20
				Aquitanian								Agenian							20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
				Bartonian															37.71
				Lutetian															41.2
				Ypresian															47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian															56
				Selandian															59.2
				Danian															61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
				Campanian															72.1
				Santonian															83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian															93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
				Aptian															113
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
				Berriasian															139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
				Kimmeridgian															149.2
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian															168.2
				Aalenian															170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
				Pliensbachian															184.2
				Sinemurian															192.9
				Hettangian															199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
				Norian															208.5
				Carnian															227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian	Vokhmian														247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan	Vokhmian														251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian															251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian														254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian														259.51
				Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian														264.28
				Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian														266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian															273.01
				Artinskian															283.5
Sakmarian				290.1
Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
			Kasimovian	303.7
			Moscovian	307
			Bashkirian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian	Siegen		407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Cayugan			419.2
		Pridoli		Niagaran			422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				Gleedonian	Lockportian	427.4
			Homerian				Whitwellian	Lockportian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					Ontarian	433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
									Alexandrian	438.7 *
				Medinan				Clinton		440.1 *
										440.7 *
			Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Kosovian	443.8
			Katian							Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian							Berounian		449.7 *
			Sandbian									453
												Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
											Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
										Dobrotivian				458.5 *
										Oretanian				459.7 *
											Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian								Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian							Arenigian				468
		Early Ordovician	Floian							Arenigian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10											Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10												Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian												Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian												Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian												Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian											Marjumian	Albertian †	497
			Drumian											Marjumian		500.5
			Wuliuan											Topazan		504.5
			Wuliuan											Delamaran		506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4											Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
			Stage 4											Dyeran		511 *
			Stage 3											Dyeran		514
														Montezuman		514.8 *
														Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian			538.8
		Cryogenian																635
		Tonian																720
		Tonian			Karatau										800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian			Karatau										1000
		Stenian			Yurmatian										1100
		Ectasian			Yurmatian										1200
		Ectasian			Burzyan										1375
																			1400