PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Cambrian of China		Precambrian of Russia	Silurian of England		Silurian of North America			Permian of North America		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian Subages of Germany	Cambrian of North America
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												Oteke	Puaroan			145
				Kimmeridgian												Oteke	Puaroan			149.2
																Kawhia	Ohauan			150
																	Heterian			154.5
				Oxfordian																154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
				Callovian													Temaikan			164.3
				Bathonian																165.3
				Bajocian																168.2
				Aalenian																170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
				Toarcian												Herangi	Ururoan			176
				Pliensbachian													Ururoan			184.2
				Pliensbachian													Aratauran			188.9
				Sinemurian																192.9
				Hettangian																199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												Balfour	Otapirian			201.4
				Norian													Warepan			208.5
																	Otamitan			217
																	Oretian			221
				Carnian													Oretian			227
				Carnian												Gore	Kaihikuan			227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian													Kaihikuan			237
				Ladinian													Etalian			238
				Anisian													Etalian			242
				Anisian													Malakovian			246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian	Vokhmian												Malakovian			247.2
				Olenekian													Nelsonian			249
				Induan													Nelsonian			251.2
				Induan												DUrville	Makarewan			251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													Makarewan	Buntsandstein		251.902
				Changhsingian													Waiitian			253.2
				Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian												Waiitian			254.14
				Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian												Puruhauan			254.2
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian									Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian	Ohre/Aller		259.51
				Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian									Wordian			Flettian	Leine		264.28
				Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian									Wordian			Barettian	Leine		266
				Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian									Roadian						266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian										Leonardian	Cathedralian					273.01
															Cathedralian		Mangapirian			276
															Hessian					281.9 *
				Artinskian																283.5
																	Telfordian			285
														Wolfcampian	Lenoxian		Telfordian			286.1 *
																				288.5
				Sakmarian																290.1
				Asselian											Nealian					293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																298.9
				Kasimovian																303.7
				Moscovian																307
				Bashkirian																315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian																323.2
				Visean																330.9
				Tournaisian																346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian																358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian																372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian																382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian																387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian																393.3
				Pragian																407.6
				Lochkovian																410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli						Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	Cayugan									419.2
										Bringewood/Elton	Cayugan									421.3
										Bringewood/Elton	Niagaran									422.5 *
Ludlow			Ludfordian	Coalbrookdale		Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
			Gorstian				425.6
			Gorstian			Buildwas	426.4 *
Wenlock			Homerian			Buildwas	Lockportian	427.4
			Homerian	Wych		Woolhope	Lockportian	428.4 *
			Sheinwoodian					430.5
Llandovery			Telychian				Ontarian	433.4
			Telychian					436.3 *
			Aeronian					438.5
								Alexandrian	438.7 *
				Cowleigh Park					439.3 *
							Medinan		Clinton	440.1 *
										440.7 *
			Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
			Katian							445.2
			Sandbian							453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian							470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10							Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10							Niuchehean			Sunwaptan						487.5
			Jiangshanian							Jiangshanian			Sunwaptan						489.5
			Jiangshanian							Jiangshanian			Steptoean						493 *
			Paibian							Paibian									494
			Paibian							Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian								494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Marjumian	Albertian †						497
			Drumian							Drumian	Wangcunian †	Marjumian							500.5
			Wuliuan							Wuliuan/Taijangian		Topazan							504.5
	Delamaran		Wuliuan							Wuliuan/Taijangian		506.5
	Delamaran	Series 2	Stage 4							Duyunian		Waucoban †	509
	Dyeran		Stage 4							Duyunian			511 *
	Dyeran		Stage 3							Nangaoian			514
	Montezuman												514.8 *
	Begadean												519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Meishucunian			521
			Fortunian							Meishucunian			529
			Fortunian		Jinnigian					530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian							538.8
		Cryogenian																	635
		Tonian																	720
		Tonian										Karatau							800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau							1000
		Stenian										Yurmatian				1100
		Ectasian										Yurmatian				1200
		Ectasian										Burzyan				1375
																				1400