PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128255 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Cambrian of China		Permian of the Russian Platform		Devonian of Germany	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Silurian of North America			Silurian of the Baltic
Jurassic	Middle Jurassic	Bajocian								Epizigzagiceras							168.2
		Bajocian								Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense							168.4
		Aalenian								Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian								Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta							174.7
										Planulata							179.3 *
										Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi					179.8 *
										Kanense							181.3 *
										Carlottense							182.3 *
										Kunae							183.5 *
		Pliensbachian								Kunae							184.2
										Freboldi							185.1 *
										Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras						186.2 *
											Tetraspidoceras						189.2 *
										Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis						190.3 *
		Sinemurian															192.9
										Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras					196.4 *
										Franziceras/Euphyllites							196.5 *
		Hettangian								Franziceras/Euphyllites							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian															208.5
		Carnian															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Vokhmian														247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Vokhmian														251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian															251.902
		Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian														254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian			Tatarian	Vyatkian										256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian				Severodvinian										259.51
		Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian				Urzhumian										264.28
		Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian			Kazanian	Povolzhian										266.9
		Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian			Kazanian	Sokian										270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian										273.01
							Filipovian										276.5 *
							Saraninian										280.1 *
		Artinskian				Artinskian	Sarginian										283.5
							Irginian										285.9 *
							Burtsevian										287.8 *
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian										290.1
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Tastubian										291.7 *
		Asselian				Asselian	Shikhanian										293.52
							Uskalykian										294.8
							Surenian										297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian															298.9
		Kasimovian															303.7
		Moscovian															307
		Bashkirian															315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian															323.2
		Visean															330.9
		Tournaisian															346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden									358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						Adorf									372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Givetian	Srbsko								382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Eifelian	Chotec								387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian								393.3
		Pragian						Siegen	Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian						Gedinnine	Lochkovian								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli												Cayugan			Ohesaare	419.2
													Cayugan			Kaugetuma	421.7 *
													Niagaran			Kaugetuma	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian														Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian														Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian														Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian												Lockportian		Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian		Jaagarahu	429.2 *									Lockportian
		Sheinwoodian		Jaagarahu										430.5
		Sheinwoodian		Jaani										431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian		Jaani	Ontarian									433.4
		Telychian		Adavere										434 *
		Aeronian												438.5
														Alexandrian	438.7 *
				Raikkula											439.4 *
					Medinan								Clinton		440.1 *
															440.7 *
		Rhuddanian													440.8
		Rhuddanian		Juuru											441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian													443.8
		Katian													445.2
		Sandbian													453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian													458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian									467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian									470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian								477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Jiangshanian								Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian								Paibian		494
		Paibian								Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
		Drumian								Drumian	Wangcunian †	500.5
		Wuliuan								Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Duyunian		509
	Series 2	Stage 3								Nangaoian		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								Meishucunian		521
		Fortunian								Meishucunian		529
		Fortunian								Jinnigian		530.7
																	538.8