International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 128057 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe | Silurian of North America | Carboniferous of North America | Devonian of France | Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jurassic | Middle Jurassic | Bajocian | Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites | 168.2 | |||||||
Humphresianum | 168.4 | ||||||||||
Aalenian | Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum | 170.9 | |||||||||
Early Jurassic | Toarcian | Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons | Thouarsense | 174.7 | |||||||
180.1 | |||||||||||
Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum | 182 | ||||||||||
Pliensbachian | Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni | 184.2 | |||||||||
Sinemurian | Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi | 192.9 | |||||||||
Hettangian | Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis | 199.5 | |||||||||
Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | 201.4 | ||||||||
Norian | 208.5 | ||||||||||
Carnian | 227 | ||||||||||
Middle Triassic | Ladinian | 237 | |||||||||
Anisian | 242 | ||||||||||
Early Triassic | Olenekian | Vokhmian | 247.2 | ||||||||
Induan | 251.2 | ||||||||||
Permian | Lopingian | Changhsingian | 251.902 | ||||||||
Wuchiapingian | Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian | 254.14 | |||||||||
Guadalupian | Capitanian | Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian | 259.51 | ||||||||
Wordian | Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian | 264.28 | |||||||||
Roadian | Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian | 266.9 | |||||||||
Cisuralian | Kungurian | 273.01 | |||||||||
Artinskian | 283.5 | ||||||||||
Sakmarian | 290.1 | ||||||||||
Asselian | Bursumian † | 293.52 | |||||||||
Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | Virgilian | 298.9 | |||||||
Kasimovian | Missourian | 303.7 | |||||||||
Desmoinesian | 305.9 * | ||||||||||
Moscovian | 307 | ||||||||||
Atokan | 312.7 * | ||||||||||
Bashkirian | 315.2 | ||||||||||
Morrowan | 318.4 * | ||||||||||
Mississippian | Serpukhovian | Chesterian | 323.2 | ||||||||
Visean | 330.9 | ||||||||||
Meramecian | 335.8 * | ||||||||||
Osagean | 343.1 * | ||||||||||
Tournaisian | 346.7 | ||||||||||
Kinderhookian | 351.9 * | ||||||||||
Devonian | Late Devonian | Famennian | Famennian | 358.9 | |||||||
Frasnian | Frasnian | 372.2 | |||||||||
Middle Devonian | Givetian | Givetian | 382.7 | ||||||||
Eifelian | Couvinien | 387.7 | |||||||||
Early Devonian | Emsian | 393.3 | |||||||||
Pragian | 407.6 | ||||||||||
Coblencien | 408.2 * | ||||||||||
Lochkovian | Gedinnine | 410.8 | |||||||||
Silurian | Pridoli | Cayugan | 419.2 | ||||||||
Niagaran | 422.5 * | ||||||||||
Ludlow | Ludfordian | 423 | |||||||||
Gorstian | 425.6 | ||||||||||
Wenlock | Homerian | Lockportian | 427.4 | ||||||||
Sheinwoodian | 430.5 | ||||||||||
Llandovery | Telychian | Ontarian | 433.4 | ||||||||
Aeronian | 438.5 | ||||||||||
Alexandrian | 438.7 * | ||||||||||
Medinan | Clinton | 440.1 * | |||||||||
440.7 * | |||||||||||
Rhuddanian | 440.8 | ||||||||||
443.8 |