PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Silurian of the Baltic	Permian of the Salt Range	European Faunal Units	Devonian of France	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of Siberia			Precambrian of Russia	Silurian Ages of Europe
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Late Pleistocene						0.0117
				Chibanian						Middle Pleistocene						0.129
				Calabrian						Early Pleistocene						0.774
				Gelasian						Early Pleistocene						1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Villanyian		Late Pliocene						2.58
				Piacenzian				Ruscinian		Late Pliocene						3.1 *
				Zanclean				Ruscinian		Early Pliocene						3.6
			Miocene	Messinian				Turolian		Late Miocene						5.333
				Tortonian				Turolian								7.246
				Tortonian				Vallesian								8.7
				Serravallian				Astaracian		Middle Miocene						11.63
				Langhian				Astaracian		Middle Miocene						13.82
				Burdigalian				Orleanian		Early Miocene						15.98
				Burdigalian				Agenian								20
				Aquitanian				Agenian								20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Late Oligocene						23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian						Early Oligocene						27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian						Late Eocene						33.9
				Bartonian						Middle Eocene						37.71
				Lutetian						Middle Eocene						41.2
				Ypresian						Early Eocene						47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian						Late Paleocene						56
				Selandian						Middle Paleocene						59.2
				Danian						Early Paleocene						61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Pliensbachian												184.2
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
				Norian												208.5
				Carnian												227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian	Vokhmian											247.2
				Induan												251.2
				Induan			Kathwai									251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Kathwai									251.902
																252.4 *
							Chhidru									252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		Chhidru									254.14
							Kalabagh									255 *
							Wargal									256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian											259.51
				Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian											264.28
																265.3 *
Amb						266.1 *
Amb				Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
				Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
				Artinskian		283.5
				Sakmarian		290.1
				Asselian		293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
				Kasimovian		303.7
				Moscovian		307
				Bashkirian		315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
				Visean		330.9
				Tournaisian		346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian		Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian	Givetian	382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Couvinien	Eifelian	387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian			Emsian	393.3
				Pragian			Siegen	407.6
				Pragian		Coblencien	Siegen	408.2 *
				Lochkovian		Gedinnine	Gedinnine	410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli			Ohesaare			419.2
			Pridoli			Kaugetuma			421.7 *
			Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare			423
				Ludfordian		Paadla			423.4 *
				Gorstian		Paadla			425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian		Rootsikula			Gleedonian	427.4
						Jaagarahu			Gleedonian	429.2 *
									Whitwellian	429.7 *
				Sheinwoodian						430.5
				Sheinwoodian		Jaani				431.8 *
			Llandovery	Telychian		Jaani				433.4
				Telychian		Adavere				434 *
				Aeronian		Adavere				438.5
				Aeronian		Raikkula				439.4 *
				Rhuddanian		Raikkula				440.8
				Rhuddanian		Juuru				441.4 *
		Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
				Katian						445.2
				Sandbian						453
			Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
			Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
			Early Ordovician	Floian						470
				Tremadocian						477.7
				Tremadocian						Mansian †	483.55 *
		Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
				Jiangshanian						Batyrbaian			489.5
										Aksaian			490.7 *
										Sakian			492.2 *
				Paibian									494
				Paibian								Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
			Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Ayusokkanian			497
				Guzhangian						Mayan/Menevian			499.5
				Drumian						Mayan/Menevian			500.5
	Wuliuan			Amgan/Solvan						504.5
	Series 2		Stage 4	Amgan/Solvan						509
				Toyonian						Lenian †	510 *
				Botomian							512.5 *
			Stage 3	Botomian							514
			Stage 3	Atdabanian							515.6 *
	Terreneuvian		Stage 2	Tommotian							521
			Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian							525.5
			Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian						Manykaian †	529
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian	538.8
			Cryogenian												635
Tonian			720
Tonian			Karatau		800
Mesoproterozoic		Stenian	Karatau		1000
		Stenian	Yurmatian		1100
		Ectasian	Yurmatian		1200
		Ectasian	Burzyan		1375
																1400