PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Devonian of France	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Permian of North America		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Permian of the Pamirs	Carboniferous of North America	Precambrian of Russia	Devonian of Germany
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Oteke	Puaroan													145
				Kimmeridgian			Oteke	Puaroan													149.2
							Kawhia	Ohauan													150
								Heterian													154.5
				Oxfordian																	154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
				Callovian				Temaikan													164.3
				Bathonian																	165.3
				Bajocian																	168.2
				Aalenian																	170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
				Toarcian			Herangi	Ururoan													176
				Pliensbachian				Ururoan													184.2
				Pliensbachian				Aratauran													188.9
				Sinemurian																	192.9
				Hettangian																	199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Balfour	Otapirian													201.4
				Norian				Warepan													208.5
								Otamitan													217
								Oretian													221
				Carnian				Oretian													227
				Carnian			Gore	Kaihikuan													227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Kaihikuan													237
				Ladinian				Etalian													238
				Anisian				Etalian													242
				Anisian				Malakovian													246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian	Vokhmian			Malakovian													247.2
				Olenekian				Nelsonian													249
				Induan				Nelsonian													251.2
				Induan			DUrville	Makarewan													251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Makarewan									Dorashamian				251.902
				Changhsingian				Waiitian									Dorashamian				253.2
				Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian			Waiitian									Dzhulfian				254.14
				Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian			Puruhauan									Dzhulfian				254.2
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		Aparima	Flettian					Capitanian				Midian				259.51
				Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian			Flettian					Wordian								264.28
								Barettian													266
																	Murgabian				266.2 *
				Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian								Roadian				Murgabian				266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian									Leonardian	Cathedralian			Kubergandian				273.01
								Mangapirian									Kubergandian				276
																	Bolorian				279.8
														Hessian							281.9 *
				Artinskian																	283.5
								Telfordian													285
																	Yakhtashian				286
													Wolfcampian	Lenoxian							286.1 *
																					288.5
				Sakmarian													Sakmarian				290.1
				Asselian										Nealian			Asselian	Bursumian †			293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian														Virgilian			298.9
				Kasimovian														Missourian			303.7
				Kasimovian														Desmoinesian			305.9 *
				Moscovian														Desmoinesian			307
				Moscovian														Atokan			312.7 *
				Bashkirian														Atokan			315.2
				Bashkirian														Morrowan			318.4 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian														Chesterian			323.2
				Visean														Chesterian			330.9
																		Meramecian			335.8 *
																		Osagean			343.1 *
				Tournaisian														Osagean			346.7
				Tournaisian														Kinderhookian			351.9 *
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Famennian														Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
Frasnian			Late Devonian	Frasnian		Adorf			372.2
Middle Devonian			Givetian	Givetian		Givetian			382.7
Middle Devonian			Eifelian	Couvinien		Eifelian			387.7
Early Devonian			Emsian			Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			Siegen			407.6
			Pragian	Coblencien		Siegen			408.2 *
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine		Gedinnine			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Kosovian	443.8
			Katian						Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian						Berounian		449.7 *
			Sandbian								453
											Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †			456.2 *
										Liben †					458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian												458.4
									Dobrotivian						458.5 *
									Oretanian						459.7 *
										Sarka †					461.7 *
			Dapingian							Klabava †					467.3
			Dapingian						Arenigian						468
		Early Ordovician	Floian						Arenigian						470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10												485.4
	Jiangshanian		489.5
	Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	497
		Drumian	500.5
		Wuliuan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian †	Poundian †			Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran													Vendian †	Wonokan †			Vendian	571.7 *
		Cryogenian																		635
		Tonian																		720
		Tonian																	Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian																	Karatau	1000
		Stenian																	Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian																	Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian					Burzyan	1375
																					1400