PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Devonian of France	Cenozoic Subepochs	Devonian of Germany	Silurian of the Baltic
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene			0.0117
		Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene			0.129
		Calabrian			Early Pleistocene			0.774
		Gelasian			Early Pleistocene			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Late Pliocene			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean			Early Pliocene			3.6
	Miocene	Messinian			Late Miocene			5.333
		Tortonian			Late Miocene			7.246
		Serravallian			Middle Miocene			11.63
		Langhian			Middle Miocene			13.82
		Burdigalian			Early Miocene			15.98
		Aquitanian			Early Miocene			20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Late Oligocene			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian			Early Oligocene			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian			Late Eocene			33.9
		Bartonian			Middle Eocene			37.71
		Lutetian			Middle Eocene			41.2
		Ypresian			Early Eocene			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Late Paleocene			56
		Selandian			Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Danian			Early Paleocene			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						66
		Campanian						72.1
		Santonian						83.6
		Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						89.8
		Cenomanian						93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						100.5
		Aptian						113
		Barremian						121.4
		Hauterivian						125.77
		Valanginian						132.6
		Berriasian						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						145
		Kimmeridgian						149.2
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian						165.3
		Bajocian						168.2
		Aalenian						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						174.7
		Pliensbachian						184.2
		Sinemurian						192.9
		Hettangian						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
		Norian						208.5
		Carnian						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Vokhmian					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Vokhmian					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian					259.51
		Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian					264.28
		Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Artinskian						283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Frasnian		Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian		Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Couvinien		Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Emsian	393.3
		Pragian				Siegen	407.6
		Pragian		Coblencien		Siegen	408.2 *
		Lochkovian		Gedinnine		Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli						Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian					Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian					Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian					Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian					Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian					Jaani	433.4
		Telychian			Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian			Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian			Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian			Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian			Juuru		441.4 *
								443.8