PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Devonian of France	Cenozoic Subepochs	Devonian of Germany
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene		0.0117
		Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene		0.129
		Calabrian			Early Pleistocene		0.774
		Gelasian			Early Pleistocene		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Late Pliocene		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean			Early Pliocene		3.6
	Miocene	Messinian			Late Miocene		5.333
		Tortonian			Late Miocene		7.246
		Serravallian			Middle Miocene		11.63
		Langhian			Middle Miocene		13.82
		Burdigalian			Early Miocene		15.98
		Aquitanian			Early Miocene		20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Late Oligocene		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian			Early Oligocene		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian			Late Eocene		33.9
		Bartonian			Middle Eocene		37.71
		Lutetian			Middle Eocene		41.2
		Ypresian			Early Eocene		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Late Paleocene		56
		Selandian			Middle Paleocene		59.2
		Danian			Early Paleocene		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					66
		Campanian					72.1
		Santonian					83.6
		Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian					89.8
		Cenomanian					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					100.5
		Aptian					113
		Barremian					121.4
		Hauterivian					125.77
		Valanginian					132.6
		Berriasian					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					145
		Kimmeridgian					149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian					168.2
		Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					174.7
		Pliensbachian					184.2
		Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
		Norian					208.5
		Carnian					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Vokhmian				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Vokhmian				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian				259.51
		Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian				264.28
		Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Frasnian		Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian		Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Couvinien		Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Emsian	393.3
		Pragian				Siegen	407.6
		Pragian		Coblencien		Siegen	408.2 *
		Lochkovian		Gedinnine		Gedinnine	410.8
							419.2