PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126864 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Carboniferous of North America	Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Devonian of Eastern North America		Cambrian of China		Ordovician of China			Permian of Western Europe	Cambrian of Kazakhstan
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Triassic	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Vokhmian														247.2
	Mesozoic	Triassic	Early Triassic	Induan	Vokhmian														251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian															251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian												Zechstein		254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian												Rotliegendes		259.51
				Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian														264.28
				Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian														266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian															273.01
				Artinskian													Autunian		283.5
				Sakmarian															290.1
				Asselian		Bursumian †													293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Virgilian	Late Pennsylvanian												298.9
				Kasimovian		Missourian													303.7
				Kasimovian		Desmoinesian													305.9 *
				Moscovian		Desmoinesian	Middle Pennsylvanian												307
				Moscovian		Atokan	Middle Pennsylvanian												312.7 *
				Bashkirian		Atokan	Early Pennsylvanian												315.2
				Bashkirian		Morrowan	Early Pennsylvanian												318.4 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chesterian	Late Mississippian												323.2
				Visean		Chesterian	Middle Mississippian												330.9
						Meramecian													335.8 *
						Osagean													343.1 *
				Tournaisian		Osagean	Early Mississippian												346.7
				Tournaisian		Kinderhookian	Early Mississippian												351.9 *
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway									358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian						West Fallsian/Sonyean									372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian						Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian								382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Southwoodian	Cazenovian								387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian						Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian								393.3
				Pragian															407.6
				Lochkovian															410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli																419.2
			Ludlow	Ludfordian															423
			Ludlow	Gorstian															425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian															427.4
			Wenlock	Sheinwoodian															430.5
			Llandovery	Telychian															433.4
				Aeronian															438.5
				Rhuddanian															440.8
		Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian										Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †			443.8
				Katian										Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †			445.2
				Katian										Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					449.5
				Sandbian										Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					453
			Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo				458.4
				Darriwilian										Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo			466.3 *
				Dapingian										Dapingian					467.3
			Early Ordovician	Floian										Yiyangian					470
				Tremadocian										Xinchangian				Ungurian	477.7
				Tremadocian										Xinchangian		Lianghekou †		Ungurian	477.9 *
		Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †					Batyrbaian	485.4
				Jiangshanian								Jiangshanian						Batyrbaian	489.5
																		Aksaian	490.7 *
																		Sakian	492.2 *
				Paibian								Paibian							494
				Paibian								Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian						494.9 *
			Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Guzhangian	Wangcunian †					Ayusokkanian	497
				Guzhangian								Guzhangian							499.5
				Drumian								Drumian						Zhanaarykian	500.5
				Drumian								Drumian						Tuesaian	503
				Wuliuan								Wuliuan/Taijangian						Tuesaian	504.5
				Wuliuan								Wuliuan/Taijangian							505.3
			Series 2	Stage 4								Duyunian							509
																		Toyonian	510 *
																		Botomian	512.5 *
Stage 3				Nangaoian				514										Botomian
Stage 3				Nangaoian				Atdabanian	515.6 *
Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Meishucunian	Tommotian				521
	Stage 2							525.5
	Fortunian							529
	Fortunian		Jinnigian					530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian †			Poundian †							538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran			Wonokan †				Vendian †			571.7 *
																			635