International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
- F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe | Carboniferous of North America | Silurian of England | Central Paratethys Stages | European Faunal Units | Devonian of Germany | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Villanyian | 2.58 | ||||||
Ruscinian | 3.1 * | |||||||||
Zanclean | 3.6 | |||||||||
Miocene | Messinian | Turolian | 5.333 | |||||||
Tortonian | Pannonian | 7.246 | ||||||||
Vallesian | 8.7 | |||||||||
Serravallian | Sarmatian | Astaracian | 11.63 | |||||||
Badenian | 12.8 * | |||||||||
Langhian | 13.82 | |||||||||
Burdigalian | Orleanian | 15.98 | ||||||||
Agenian | 20 | |||||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | |||||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | 23.03 | |||||||
Rupelian | 27.82 | |||||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | 33.9 | ||||||||
Bartonian | 37.71 | |||||||||
Lutetian | 41.2 | |||||||||
Ypresian | 47.8 | |||||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | 56 | ||||||||
Selandian | 59.2 | |||||||||
Danian | 61.6 | |||||||||
Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | 66 | |||||||
Campanian | 72.1 | |||||||||
Santonian | 83.6 | |||||||||
Coniacian | 86.3 | |||||||||
Turonian | 89.8 | |||||||||
Cenomanian | 93.9 | |||||||||
Early Cretaceous | Albian | 100.5 | ||||||||
Aptian | 113 | |||||||||
Barremian | 121.4 | |||||||||
Hauterivian | 125.77 | |||||||||
Valanginian | 132.6 | |||||||||
Berriasian | 139.8 | |||||||||
Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | 145 | |||||||
Kimmeridgian | 149.2 | |||||||||
Oxfordian | 154.8 | |||||||||
Middle Jurassic | Callovian | 161.5 | ||||||||
Bathonian | 165.3 | |||||||||
Bajocian | 168.2 | |||||||||
Aalenian | 170.9 | |||||||||
Early Jurassic | Toarcian | 174.7 | ||||||||
Pliensbachian | 184.2 | |||||||||
Sinemurian | 192.9 | |||||||||
Hettangian | 199.5 | |||||||||
Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | 201.4 | |||||||
Norian | 208.5 | |||||||||
Carnian | 227 | |||||||||
Middle Triassic | Ladinian | 237 | ||||||||
Anisian | 242 | |||||||||
Early Triassic | Olenekian | Vokhmian | 247.2 | |||||||
Induan | 251.2 | |||||||||
Permian | Lopingian | Changhsingian | 251.902 | |||||||
Wuchiapingian | Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian | 254.14 | ||||||||
Guadalupian | Capitanian | Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian | 259.51 | |||||||
Wordian | Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian | 264.28 | ||||||||
Roadian | Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian | 266.9 | ||||||||
Cisuralian | Kungurian | 273.01 | ||||||||
Artinskian | 283.5 | |||||||||
Sakmarian | 290.1 | |||||||||
Asselian | Bursumian † | 293.52 | ||||||||
Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | Virgilian | 298.9 | ||||||
Kasimovian | Missourian | 303.7 | ||||||||
Desmoinesian | 305.9 * | |||||||||
Moscovian | 307 | |||||||||
Atokan | 312.7 * | |||||||||
Bashkirian | 315.2 | |||||||||
Morrowan | 318.4 * | |||||||||
Mississippian | Serpukhovian | Chesterian | 323.2 | |||||||
Visean | 330.9 | |||||||||
Meramecian | 335.8 * | |||||||||
Osagean | 343.1 * | |||||||||
Tournaisian | 346.7 | |||||||||
Kinderhookian | 351.9 * | |||||||||
Devonian | Late Devonian | Famennian | Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden | 358.9 | ||||||
Frasnian | Adorf | 372.2 | ||||||||
Middle Devonian | Givetian | Givetian | 382.7 | |||||||
Eifelian | Eifelian | 387.7 | ||||||||
Early Devonian | Emsian | Emsian | 393.3 | |||||||
Pragian | Siegen | 407.6 | ||||||||
Lochkovian | Gedinnine | 410.8 | ||||||||
Silurian | Pridoli | Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle | Whitcliffe/Leintwardine | 419.2 | ||||||
Bringewood/Elton | 421.3 | |||||||||
Ludlow | Ludfordian | Coalbrookdale | Wenlock (England)/Tickwood | 423 | ||||||
Gorstian | 425.6 | |||||||||
Buildwas | 426.4 * | |||||||||
Wenlock | Homerian | 427.4 | ||||||||
Wych | Woolhope | 428.4 * | ||||||||
Sheinwoodian | 430.5 | |||||||||
Llandovery | Telychian | 433.4 | ||||||||
436.3 * | ||||||||||
Aeronian | 438.5 | |||||||||
Cowleigh Park | 439.3 * | |||||||||
Rhuddanian | 440.8 | |||||||||
443.8 |