PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Ordovician of North America						Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Devonian of Germany	Ordovician of China			Cambrian of North America		Cambrian of China		Devonian of Czechoslovakia
Triassic	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Vokhmian																			247.2
Triassic	Early Triassic	Induan	Vokhmian																			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	Zechstein																		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	Rotliegendes																		259.51
		Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian																			264.28
		Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian																			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																				273.01
		Artinskian		Autunian																		283.5
		Sakmarian																				290.1
		Asselian																				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Mapingian †																	298.9
		Kasimovian			Mapingian †																	303.7
		Kasimovian																				305.9
		Moscovian																				307
		Bashkirian																				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian																				323.2
		Visean																				330.9
		Tournaisian																				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian											Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden									358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian											Adorf									372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian											Givetian								Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian											Eifelian								Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian											Emsian								Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian											Siegen								Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian											Gedinnine								Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli																					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian																				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian																				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian																				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian																				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian																				433.4
		Aeronian																				438.5
		Rhuddanian																				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Cincinnatian	Gamachian							Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †						443.8
		Katian					Gamachian							Chientangkiangian								445.2
							Richmondian							Chientangkiangian								446 *
							Richmondian							Neichianshanian/Hanjiang								449.5
							Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian														449.8 *
							Edenian															450.4 *
						Mohawkian	Chatfieldian															451.1 *
		Sandbian					Chatfieldian															453
							Turinian															453.7 *
						Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor													457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian												Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo							458.4
		Darriwilian												Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo						466.3 *
		Dapingian												Dapingian								467.3
		Dapingian					Rangerian							Dapingian								469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †				Yiyangian								470
		Floian					Tulean							Yiyangian								473.9 *
		Tremadocian										Ungurian		Xinchangian								477.7
																Lianghekou †						477.9 *
							Stairsian															480.3 *
							Skullrockian			Demingian †												482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Skullrockian					Batyrbaian						Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †		485.4
		Stage 10															Sunwaptan		Niuchehean			487.5
		Jiangshanian																	Jiangshanian			489.5
												Aksaian										490.7 *
												Sakian										492.2 *
																	Steptoean					493 *
		Paibian																	Paibian			494
		Paibian																	Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Ayusokkanian					Marjumian	Albertian †	Guzhangian	Wangcunian †		497
		Guzhangian																	Guzhangian			499.5
		Drumian									Zhanaarykian	Drumian							500.5
		Drumian									Tuesaian	Drumian							503
		Wuliuan									Tuesaian	Topazan					Wuliuan/Taijangian			504.5
												Topazan								505.3
												Delamaran								506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4															Waucoban †	Duyunian		509
											Toyonian									510 *
			Dyeran								Toyonian	511 *
											Botomian	512.5 *
		Stage 3										Nangaoian						514
			Montezuman															514.8 *
			Montezuman	Atdabanian							515.6 *
			Begadean	Atdabanian							519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian	Meishucunian						521
		Stage 2									525.5
		Fortunian									529
		Fortunian			Jinnigian						530.7
																						538.8