PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Cambrian of China		Cambrian of West Avalonia	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian Subages of Germany	Cambrian of North America
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Oteke	Puaroan				145
		Kimmeridgian							Oteke	Puaroan				149.2
									Kawhia	Ohauan				150
										Heterian				154.5
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Callovian								Temaikan				164.3
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Toarcian							Herangi	Ururoan				176
		Pliensbachian								Ururoan				184.2
		Pliensbachian								Aratauran				188.9
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							Balfour	Otapirian				201.4
		Norian								Warepan				208.5
										Otamitan				217
										Oretian				221
		Carnian								Oretian				227
		Carnian							Gore	Kaihikuan				227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian								Kaihikuan				237
		Ladinian								Etalian				238
		Anisian								Etalian				242
		Anisian								Malakovian				246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Vokhmian							Malakovian				247.2
		Olenekian								Nelsonian				249
		Induan								Nelsonian				251.2
		Induan							DUrville	Makarewan				251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Makarewan	Buntsandstein			251.902
		Changhsingian								Waiitian				253.2
		Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian							Waiitian				254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian							Puruhauan				254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian						Aparima	Flettian	Ohre/Aller			259.51
		Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian							Flettian	Leine			264.28
		Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian							Barettian	Leine			266
		Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian											266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian												273.01
		Kungurian								Mangapirian				276
		Artinskian								Mangapirian				283.5
										Telfordian				285
														288.5
		Sakmarian												290.1
		Asselian												293.52
		Asselian		Kuzel										297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Kuzel										298.9
				Stephanian	Stephanian C									300.3 *
					Stephanian B									300.9 *
					Stephanian A									301.4 *
		Kasimovian			Stephanian A									303.7
		Kasimovian			Cantabrian									305 *
		Moscovian			Cantabrian									307
				Westphalian	Westphalian D									307.4 *
					Westphalian C									309.8
					Westphalian B									314.6
		Bashkirian			Westphalian B									315.2
					Westphalian A									317 *
				Namurian	Yeadonian									318.8 *
					Marsdenian									320.2 *
					Kinderscoutian									321.5 *
					Alportian									322 *
					Chokierian									323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Chokierian									323.2
					Arnsbergian	324 *
					Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean		Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
				Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
				Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian		Ivorian		346.7
		Tournaisian		Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan				485.4
		Stage 10				Niuchehean						Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian				Jiangshanian						Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian				Jiangshanian						Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian				Paibian							494
		Paibian				Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian						494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Marjumian				Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian				Guzhangian							Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian				Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian				Topazan	504.5
		Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian				Delamaran	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Duyunian				Delamaran	Branchian			Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4	Duyunian				Dyeran					511 *
		Stage 3	Nangaoian				Dyeran		514
							Montezuman		514.8 *
							Montezuman	Placentian	517.1
							Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Meishucunian						521
		Fortunian	Meishucunian						529
		Fortunian	Jinnigian						530.7
														538.8