PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Permian of the Russian Platform		Carboniferous Subepochs	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Carboniferous of China	Permian of the Salt Range	Cambrian of Kazakhstan
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian						23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian					Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian						27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian					Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian							33.9
				Bartonian					Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan							37.71
				Lutetian												41.2
				Ypresian						Bumbanian						47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian					Gashatan							56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Pliensbachian												184.2
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
				Norian												208.5
				Carnian												227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian	Vokhmian											247.2
				Induan												251.2
				Induan										Kathwai		251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										Kathwai		251.902
																252.4 *
														Chhidru		252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian									Chhidru		254.14
														Kalabagh		255 *
														Wargal		256 *
						Tatarian	Vyatkian									256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		Severodvinian									259.51
				Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		Urzhumian									264.28
																265.3 *
														Amb		266.1 *
				Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Kazanian	Povolzhian							Amb		266.9
				Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Kazanian	Sokian									270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian									273.01
							Filipovian									276.5 *
							Saraninian									280.1 *
				Artinskian		Artinskian	Sarginian									283.5
							Irginian									285.9 *
							Burtsevian									287.8 *
				Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian									290.1
				Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Tastubian									291.7 *
				Asselian		Asselian	Shikhanian									293.52
							Uskalykian									294.8
							Surenian									297.5
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
			Gzhelian					Xiaodushanian			300 *
			Kasimovian					Xiaodushanian			303.7
			Kasimovian					Dalaun			305.8 *
			Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian				307
			Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian				315.2
								Huashibanian		318.5 *
								Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Late Mississippian	Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian				Late Mississippian	Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean				Middle Mississippian	Shangsian	330.9
			Visean				Middle Mississippian	Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian				Early Mississippian	Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
			Pragian						407.6
			Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian		Pridoli							Cayugan	419.2
		Pridoli							Niagaran	422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							Lockportian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							Ontarian	433.4
			Aeronian								438.5
											Alexandrian	438.7 *
									Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
												440.7 *
			Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									443.8
			Katian									445.2
			Sandbian									453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian									467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian									470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian									Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10									Batyrbaian	485.4
	Jiangshanian		489.5									Batyrbaian
			Aksaian									490.7 *
			Sakian									492.2 *
	Paibian		Sakian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian									497
		Guzhangian										499.5
		Drumian	Zhanaarykian									500.5
		Drumian	Tuesaian									503
		Wuliuan	Tuesaian									504.5
		Wuliuan										505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4										509
			Toyonian									510 *
			Botomian									512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian		514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian		515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian		521
		Stage 2			525.5
		Fortunian			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																635