PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127476 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Permian of the Russian Platform		Silurian of the Baltic	Central Paratethys Stages	Permian of the Pamirs	Carboniferous Subepochs	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Devonian of Germany
Neogene	Miocene	Tortonian					Pannonian					7.246
		Serravallian					Sarmatian					11.63
		Serravallian					Badenian					12.8 *
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
		Bartonian										37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Vokhmian									247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Vokhmian									251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Dorashamian				251.902
		Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian					Dzhulfian				254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	Tatarian	Vyatkian			Dzhulfian				256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		Severodvinian			Midian				259.51
		Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		Urzhumian			Midian				264.28
		Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		Urzhumian			Murgabian				266.2 *
		Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Kazanian	Povolzhian							266.9
		Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Kazanian	Sokian							270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian			Kubergandian				273.01
					Filipovian			Kubergandian				276.5 *
					Filipovian			Bolorian				279.8
					Saraninian							280.1 *
		Artinskian		Artinskian	Sarginian							283.5
					Irginian							285.9 *
					Irginian			Yakhtashian				286
					Burtsevian			Yakhtashian				287.8 *
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian			Sakmarian				290.1
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Tastubian			Sakmarian				291.7 *
		Asselian		Asselian	Shikhanian			Asselian				293.52
					Uskalykian	294.8
					Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian					303.7	Late Pennsylvanian
		Moscovian					Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian					Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean					Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian					Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						Emsian	393.3
		Pragian						Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian						Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli							Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian						Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian						Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Rootsikula		427.4
		Homerian						Jaagarahu		429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian						Jaagarahu		430.5
		Sheinwoodian						Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian						Jaani		433.4
		Telychian						Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian						Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian						Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian						Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian						Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
		Katian								445.2
		Sandbian								453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian								470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian								477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								497
		Guzhangian								Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan									504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Branchian	509
		Stage 3								Branchian	514
		Stage 3								Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
												538.8