International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
This timescale is used in the definition of 127057 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe | Ten Million Year Bins | Devonian of Eastern North America | Carboniferous of China | Silurian Ages of Europe | European Faunal Zones | Permian of the Salt Range | European Faunal Units | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | Cenozoic 6 | 0 | ||||||||
Northgrippian | 0.0042 | |||||||||||
Greenlandian | 0.0082 | |||||||||||
Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | 0.0117 | ||||||||||
Chibanian | 0.129 | |||||||||||
Calabrian | 0.774 | |||||||||||
Gelasian | MN 17 | 1.8 | ||||||||||
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | MN 16 | Villanyian | 2.58 | |||||||
Ruscinian | 3.1 * | |||||||||||
MN 15 | 3.2 | |||||||||||
Zanclean | 3.6 | |||||||||||
MN 14 | 4.2 | |||||||||||
MN 13 | 4.9 | |||||||||||
Miocene | Messinian | Turolian | 5.333 | |||||||||
Tortonian | MN 12 | 7.246 | ||||||||||
MN 11 | 7.75 | |||||||||||
MN 10 | Vallesian | 8.7 | ||||||||||
MN 9 | 9.7 | |||||||||||
MN 7 + 8 | 11.1 | |||||||||||
Serravallian | Cenozoic 5 | Astaracian | 11.63 | |||||||||
MN 6 | 12.8 * | |||||||||||
Langhian | MN 5 | 13.82 | ||||||||||
Burdigalian | MN 4 | Orleanian | 15.98 | |||||||||
MN 3 | 16.9 | |||||||||||
MN 2 | Agenian | 20 | ||||||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | |||||||||||
MN 1 | 22.4 | |||||||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Cenozoic 4 | 23.03 | ||||||||
Rupelian | 27.82 | |||||||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | Cenozoic 3 | 33.9 | |||||||||
Bartonian | 37.71 | |||||||||||
Lutetian | Cenozoic 2 | 41.2 | ||||||||||
Ypresian | 47.8 | |||||||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | Cenozoic 1 | 56 | |||||||||
Selandian | 59.2 | |||||||||||
Danian | 61.6 | |||||||||||
Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | Cretaceous 8 | 66 | ||||||||
Campanian | Cretaceous 7 | 72.1 | ||||||||||
Santonian | Cretaceous 6 | 83.6 | ||||||||||
Coniacian | 86.3 | |||||||||||
Turonian | 89.8 | |||||||||||
Cenomanian | Cretaceous 5 | 93.9 | ||||||||||
Early Cretaceous | Albian | Cretaceous 4 | 100.5 | |||||||||
Aptian | Cretaceous 3 | 113 | ||||||||||
Barremian | Cretaceous 2 | 121.4 | ||||||||||
Hauterivian | 125.77 | |||||||||||
Valanginian | Cretaceous 1 | 132.6 | ||||||||||
Berriasian | 139.8 | |||||||||||
Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | Jurassic 6 | 145 | ||||||||
Kimmeridgian | Jurassic 5 | 149.2 | ||||||||||
Oxfordian | 154.8 | |||||||||||
Middle Jurassic | Callovian | 161.5 | ||||||||||
Bathonian | Jurassic 4 | 165.3 | ||||||||||
Bajocian | 168.2 | |||||||||||
Aalenian | Jurassic 3 | 170.9 | ||||||||||
Early Jurassic | Toarcian | 174.7 | ||||||||||
Pliensbachian | Jurassic 2 | 184.2 | ||||||||||
Sinemurian | Jurassic 1 | 192.9 | ||||||||||
Hettangian | 199.5 | |||||||||||
Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | Triassic 4 | 201.4 | ||||||||
Norian | 208.5 | |||||||||||
Carnian | Triassic 3 | 227 | ||||||||||
Middle Triassic | Ladinian | Triassic 2 | 237 | |||||||||
Anisian | 242 | |||||||||||
Early Triassic | Olenekian | Vokhmian | Triassic 1 | 247.2 | ||||||||
Induan | 251.2 | |||||||||||
Kathwai | 251.5 * | |||||||||||
Permian | Lopingian | Changhsingian | Permian 4 | 251.902 | ||||||||
252.4 * | ||||||||||||
Chhidru | 252.9 * | |||||||||||
Wuchiapingian | Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian | 254.14 | ||||||||||
Kalabagh | 255 * | |||||||||||
Wargal | 256 * | |||||||||||
Guadalupian | Capitanian | Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian | 259.51 | |||||||||
Wordian | Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian | 264.28 | ||||||||||
265.3 * | ||||||||||||
Amb | 266.1 * | |||||||||||
Roadian | Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian | Permian 3 | 266.9 | |||||||||
270.7 * | ||||||||||||
Cisuralian | Kungurian | Permian 2 | 273.01 | |||||||||
Artinskian | 283.5 | |||||||||||
Sakmarian | 290.1 | |||||||||||
Asselian | Permian 1 | 293.52 | ||||||||||
Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | Carboniferous 5 | 298.9 | ||||||||
Xiaodushanian | 300 * | |||||||||||
Kasimovian | 303.7 | |||||||||||
Dalaun | 305.8 * | |||||||||||
Moscovian | Carboniferous 4 | 307 | ||||||||||
Bashkirian | 315.2 | |||||||||||
Huashibanian | 318.5 * | |||||||||||
Lousuan | 321.2 * | |||||||||||
Mississippian | Serpukhovian | Carboniferous 3 | Dewunian | 323.2 | ||||||||
Shangsian | 330.8 * | |||||||||||
Visean | Carboniferous 2 | 330.9 | ||||||||||
Jiusian | 335 * | |||||||||||
Tournaisian | Carboniferous 1 | Tangbagouan | 346.7 | |||||||||
Devonian | Late Devonian | Famennian | Devonian 5 | Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway | 358.9 | |||||||
Frasnian | Devonian 4 | West Fallsian/Sonyean | 372.2 | |||||||||
Middle Devonian | Givetian | Devonian 3 | Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan | Cazenovian | 382.7 | |||||||
Eifelian | Southwoodian | 387.7 | ||||||||||
Early Devonian | Emsian | Devonian 2 | Sawkillian/Deer Parkian | Helderbergian | 393.3 | |||||||
Pragian | Devonian 1 | 407.6 | ||||||||||
Lochkovian | 410.8 | |||||||||||
Silurian | Pridoli | Silurian 2 | 419.2 | |||||||||
Ludlow | Ludfordian | 423 | ||||||||||
Gorstian | 425.6 | |||||||||||
Wenlock | Homerian | Gleedonian | 427.4 | |||||||||
Whitwellian | 429.7 * | |||||||||||
Sheinwoodian | 430.5 | |||||||||||
Llandovery | Telychian | Silurian 1 | 433.4 | |||||||||
Aeronian | 438.5 | |||||||||||
Rhuddanian | 440.8 | |||||||||||
Ordovician | Late Ordovician | Hirnantian | Ordovician 5 | 443.8 | ||||||||
Katian | 445.2 | |||||||||||
Sandbian | Ordovician 4 | 453 | ||||||||||
Middle Ordovician | Darriwilian | Ordovician 3 | 458.4 | |||||||||
Dapingian | Ordovician 2 | 467.3 | ||||||||||
Early Ordovician | Floian | 470 | ||||||||||
Tremadocian | Ordovician 1 | 477.7 | ||||||||||
Cambrian | Furongian | Stage 10 | Cambrian 5 | 485.4 | ||||||||
Jiangshanian | 489.5 | |||||||||||
Paibian | 494 | |||||||||||
Miaolingian | Guzhangian | Cambrian 4 | 497 | |||||||||
Drumian | 500.5 | |||||||||||
Wuliuan | Cambrian 3 | 504.5 | ||||||||||
Series 2 | Stage 4 | 509 | ||||||||||
Stage 3 | Cambrian 2 | 514 | ||||||||||
Terreneuvian | Stage 2 | 521 | ||||||||||
Fortunian | Cambrian 1 | 529 | ||||||||||
538.8 |